Head and Neck Flashcards
Describe the clinicopathologic features of benign head and neck tumors, squamous dysplasia, and carcinoma Compare and contrast the common salivary gland tumors Describe the clinicopathologic features of the common non-neoplastic diseases of the oral cavity
diseases associated with aphthous ulcers
celiac, inflammatory bowel disease, Behcet disease
erthematous halo surrounding yellowish fibrinopurulent membrane
aphthous ulcers
abrupt onset of vesicles throughout the oral cavity
acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
causes “cole sores”
HPV-1
can reactivate HPV-1 sores
trauma, allergies, UV light, upper RTI, pregancy, menstruation, immunospuression, extremes of temp
balloning of infected cells with large eosinophillic intranuclear inclusions.Adjacent cells fuse to form large multinucleated polykarons
herpes lesions
most common fungal infection of the oral cavity
candidiasis (thrush)
can promote thrush
immunocompromise or broad spectrum antibiotics
superfiscial curdlike inflamatory membrane of matted orginisms
thrush
submucosal nodular fibrous tissue formed by chronic irritation
fibromas
common site of fibromas
buccal mucosa along bite line
treatment of fibromas
surgical exision and removal of source of irritation
richly vascular, ulcerated lesions in the mouth
pyogenic granulomas
white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be called anything else
leukoplakia
may progress to SCC
leukoplakia, erythroplakia
red velvety eroded area flat or depressed to the surrounding mucosa
erythroplakia
risk factor of leukoplakia or erythroplakia
tobacco use
thickened, acanthotic, orderly mucosal lesions with marked dysplasia
leukoplasia
most common oral cancer type
SCC
mutations common in oral cancer caused by tobacco
TP53, p63 and NOTCH1
most common behavioral risk factor of oral cancer
tobacco use
cause of oral tumors in the tonsillar crypts and base of the tounge
HPV 16 infection
mutation of oral tumors in the tonsillar crypts and base of the tounge
p16
worse prognosis of oral cancer
HPV negative
most common locations of oral SCC
ventral surface of the tounge, floor of mouth, lower lip, soft palate and gingiva
raised, firm, pearly plauqes
SCC
dry mouth resulting from decrease in saliva production
xerostomia
autoimmune disorder that can cause xerostomia
sjogren syndrome (occurs with dry eyes)
possible causes of xerostomia
many medications, sjogrens
dry eyes, dry mouth, inflammatory enlargement of salivary glands
sjogren syndrome
complications of xerostomia
cavities and difficulrt swallowing/speaking
most common cause of sialdenitis
mumps
imflamation fo salivary glands
sialadentitis
imflammatory lesion of salivary glands that changes in size in association with meals
mucocele
cystlike space lined with granulation tissue or fibrous connective tissue filled with mucin or macrophages
mucocele
common antecedent to sialadentitis
salivary stones, also food debris or edema from injury, dehydration, long term phenothiazene therapy
bugs that cause sialadentitis
staph A and strep viridens
most common salivary gland to get a tumor
parotid
the smaller the gland the more likely…
a tumor is malignant
most common type of salivary gland malignant tumor
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
most common salivary gland tumor
adenoma
tumor with mix of all kinds of cells
pleomorphic adenoma
long term risk of pleomorphic adenoma
can morph into very aggressive maligancu
variable mixture of squamous cells, mucus secreting cells, and intermediate cells
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
gene mutation in mucoepidermoid carcinoma
MAML2
cords, sheets and cysts lined by squamous, mucous or intermediate cells
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
