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Systematics > Nomenclature > Flashcards

Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q
  • easier to pronounce
  • simple and easy to remember
  • usually descriptive of the plant
  • larger number of people will understand
A

common names

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2
Q

disadvantages of common names

A
  • may not be same every where in all places
  • Creates confusion among different languages
  • Cannot identify one particular species by common names
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3
Q
  • same in any language
  • provides a unique name for an organism such that two people can be sure that they are referring to the same organism
A

scientific name

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4
Q

Beginnings of scientific names:
Pre Linnaean

A
  • De Candolle
  • Bauhin Brothers
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5
Q

coined the term taxonomy

A

A. P. de Candolle

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6
Q

recognized genera and species as major taxonomic classification

A

Bauhin brothers

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7
Q

Beginnings of scientific names:
Linnaean Era

A
  • Carolus Linnaeus
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8
Q

Three components of species names in the Linnaean Era

A
  1. genus name
  2. specific epithet
  3. authority or individual(s) responsible for the name
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9
Q

Basic rules in scientific names

A

components 1 and 2 are either italicized or underlined

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10
Q

ICBN

A

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

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11
Q

New name of the ICBN

A

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

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12
Q

is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those “traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants”

A

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

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13
Q

When are International Botanical Congresses held

A

every 6 years

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14
Q

acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals

A

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

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15
Q

set of principles, rules, and recommendations governing phylogenetic nomenclature, a system for naming taxa by explicit reference to phylogeny

A

PhyloCode

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16
Q

Principles of ICN

A
  1. nomenclature is independent of zoological and prokaryotic nomenclature
  2. application of names is determined by nomenclatural types
  3. nomenclature is based upon priority of publication
  4. can bear only one correct name
  5. names are Latin
  6. rules are retroactive unless expressly limited
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17
Q

Principles of ICZN

A
  1. binomial nomenclature
  2. priority
  3. coordination
  4. first reviser
  5. homonymy
  6. typification
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18
Q

states that any one name, in one particular spelling, may be used only once (within its group)

A

Principle of Homonymy

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19
Q
  • constituent element (a specimen or a description or a figure) of a taxon to which the name is permanently attached
A

nomenclatural type

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20
Q
  • need not be the most typical element but is the original material on which the description of the taxon is based
A

nomenclatural type

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21
Q

different type specimens

A
  1. holotype
  2. isotype
  3. syntype
  4. paratype
  5. lectotype
  6. neotype
  7. topotype
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22
Q

specimen or other element designated by the authoer or used by him as the nomenclatural type

A

holotype

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23
Q

duplicate of the holotype

A

isotype

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24
Q

when more than one specimen are cited by the author without mentioning which is the holotype

A

syntype

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25
Q

specimens cited along with the holotype

A

paratype

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26
Q
  • substitute of the holotypw when that is lost and is to be selected from isotype
  • when no holotype was designated by the author as specimen from the original material
A

lectotype

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27
Q
  • when all original materials are missing
  • selected from other materials
A

neotype

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28
Q

specimen of a species collected at the same locality as the holotype

A

topotype

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29
Q

earliest names for the purpose of consideration of the Rule of Priority

A

names in Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum

30
Q

Names of taxa:
generic name (genus)

A

substantive in the singular number

31
Q

Names of taxa:
specific epithet (species)

A
  • adjective
  • same gender as generic name
  • noun in apposition of generic name
  • must not exactly repeat the generic name
32
Q

scientific name for any taxon below the rank of species

A

infraspecific name

33
Q

where is the name of a family derived from

A

name of the genus

34
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Subtribe

A

-inae

35
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Tribe

A

-eae

36
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Subfamily

A

-oideae

37
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Family

A

-aceae

38
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Suborder

A

-ineae

39
Q

Ending of names of taxa above rank genus:
Order

A

-ales

40
Q

Alternative family names:
Arecaceae

A

Palmae

41
Q

Alternative family names:
Poaceae

A

Gramineae

42
Q

Alternative family names
Clusiaceae

A

Guttiferae

43
Q

Alternative family names
Apiaceae

A

Umbelliferae

44
Q

Alternative family names:
Lamiaceae

A

Labiatae

45
Q

Alternative family names:
Asteraceae

A

Compositae

46
Q

Alternative family names:
Fabaceae

A

Leguminosae

47
Q

those published earlier to _______ are consiered valid even if the description or diagnosis were not in Latin

A

January 1, 1935

48
Q

in the case of Algae, the date has been fixed as ______

A

January 1, 1958

49
Q

Rejection of Names

A
  1. used in different senses and has become source of error
  2. based on type consisting of two or more entirely discordant elements
  3. based on monstrosity
50
Q

splitting of genus

A

when genus is divided, generic name must be retained for one of smaller genera

51
Q

all names of taxon other than valid names

A

synonyms

52
Q

original name on which a new name is based;

A

basionym or basyonym

53
Q

two primary resources for finding out the correct spelling of a name

A
  1. authors who published
  2. journal which it was published
54
Q

1753, Carl Linnaeus put tomatoes into the ___

A

Solanum

55
Q

When did Linnaeus put tomatoes into Solanum

A

1753

56
Q

1768, Philip Miller moved tomatoes to ___

A

Lycopersicon

57
Q

Who moved the tomatoes to Lycopersicon

A

Philip Miller

58
Q

When did Miller move tomatoes to Lycopersicon

A

1768

59
Q

1881, Karsten suggested __ __ to mame tomatoes

A

Lycopersicum lycopersicum

60
Q

Who suggested to name tomatoes as Lycopersicum lycopersicum

A

Karsten

61
Q

corrected name of tomatoes by Nicolson in 1974

A

Lycopersicon lycopersicum

62
Q

Latin term, meaning “a name to be conserved”

A

Nomen conservandum

63
Q

Nomen conservandum of tomatoes

A

Lycopersicon esculentum

64
Q

a superfluous name, i. e., a name that was based on the same type as another, previously published name

A

nomen superfluum (nom. superfl.)

65
Q
  • refers to a validly published name that is not in accordance with the particular rules of its relevant Code of Nomenclature
  • illegitimate name
A

nomen illegitimum (nom. illeg.)

66
Q

new species

A

species nove (sp. nov.)

67
Q

new replacement name

A

nomen novum

68
Q

new combination from previously existing names

A

combination nova (comb. nov.)

69
Q

name of a family that is treated as validly published due to long usage

A

nomen alternativum (nom. alt.)

70
Q

used to describe any organism whose definition in terms of a formal scientific description has not been completed

A

nomen nudum (nom. nud.)

Systematics (17 decks)

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