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Systematics > History of Systematics (f2f lecture) > Flashcards

History of Systematics (f2f lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

Earliest

A

Folk taxonomy

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2
Q

most dominant phylum in plant kingdom

A

flowering plants (angiosperms)

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3
Q

evolutionary process that produces new species from a single, rapidly diversifying lineage

A

Adaptive radiation

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4
Q

What is the heart of biology

A

conservation

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5
Q

Ancients

A

Folk taxonomy & early taxonomic studies

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6
Q

Early taxonomic studies are more on

A

exploratory

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7
Q

exploratory

A

just naming plants and animals

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8
Q

first to classify things

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

classifications by Aristotle

A
  • invertebrates
  • vertebrates
  • blooded
  • non-blooded
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10
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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11
Q

classification of Theophrastus is based on

A

growth forms
- annual, biennial, perennial

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12
Q

Theophrastus first used the terms __ and __ to group things

A

genus
species

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13
Q

wrote De Materia Medica

A

Pedanius Dioscorides

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14
Q

De materia medica was widely read for more than __ years

A

1,500 years

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15
Q

Father of Botanical Latin

A

Gaius Plinius Secundus

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16
Q

Gaius Plinius Secundus was called as

A

Pliny the elder

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17
Q

What did Pedanius Dioscorides write

A

De Materia Medica

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18
Q

What did Gaius Plinius Secundus write

A

Naturalis Historia

19
Q

Systematics had its root from

A

natural intuition

20
Q
  • no clue with evolution yet
  • Trend: rise of book printing
  • Botanical was introduced
  • scientific knowledge increased
A

Herbalists to Darwin

21
Q

introduced the first Herbaria

A

Luca Ghini

22
Q

objected the pre idea of everything is at it is

A

Andrea Cesalpino

23
Q

introduced the family concept

A

Pierre Magnol

24
Q

recognized genera and species as major taxonomic levels

A

Bauhin Brothers

25
Q
  • named species as basic taxonomic unit
  • biggest contribution is monocot and dicot
  • genus = factual taxonomic group
A

John Ray

26
Q

John Ray’s biggest contribution

A

monocot and dicot

27
Q

author of common genus concept

A

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

28
Q
  • binomial nomenclature
  • criteria: flowers & fruits
  • pushed a more natural system
A

Carolus Linnaeus

29
Q
  • vulgar in his critiques of Linnaeus
  • thinks that it is more reliable to focus on origin (ecology)
  • observed ecological succession
  • countered theory of pre-existence
  • Law of Biogeography
A

George-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon

30
Q
  • reflected natural system
  • weighing characters when classifying and naming
  • grandfather of numerical taxonomy
A

Michel Adanson

31
Q
  • modified systems
  • proposed a natural method of classification based on morphological and physiological characteristics
A

Consolidation Phase

32
Q
  • proposed for natural classification
  • grouped plants in the botanical garden (200 families, 7569 genera)
A

Bentham and Hooker

33
Q
  • more on animals
  • thought that not everything existed as it is
  • Galapagos finches
A

Charles Darwin

34
Q

Insights

A
  1. species are adaptive over time
  2. forces of nature can be favorable or not
  3. variations are inherited
  4. environments are not static
  5. phylogenetic concept began to emerge
35
Q

a species is a “tip” on a phylogeny, that is, the smallest set of organisms that share an ancestor and can be distinguished from other such sets.

A

Phylogenetic species concept

36
Q

published “Biological Species Concept”

A

Theodosius Dobzhansky

37
Q

How can you say that a group of organisms are one species (Biological Species Concept)

A

they interbreed with each other

38
Q
  • phylogenetic concept emerged
  • improvement of taxonomic concept
  • rise of Biosystematics
A

Biosystematic Phase

39
Q

study of the diversification of organisms, both past and present, and the relationships among those organisms through time

A

biosystematics

40
Q

attempt to classify and identify organisms (originally plants) according to confirmable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions

A

Chemotaxonomy

41
Q
  • collection of data, analysis & synthesis
  • introduced quantitative taxonomy (numerical taxonomy)
A

encyclopaedic or holotaxonomic phase

42
Q

divided Plant Kingdom into two divisions: Cryptogamia (non-flowering plants) and Phanerogamia (flowering plants).

A

Bentham and Hooker

43
Q

classifies flowering plants into Magnolids (four orders), Monocots (seven orders), Commelinids (five orders), and Eudicots (36 orders), plus a few taxa of uncertain affinity.

A

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG)

44
Q

APG

A

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

Systematics (17 decks)

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