Macrotaxonomy (plants)

Question 1

was known to be the earliest classification system

Answer 1

artificial system

Question 2

scientists who developed the artificial system

Answer 2

• Aristotle
• Theophrastus
• John Ray
• Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
• Carolus Linnaeus

Question 3

father of modern taxonomy

Answer 3

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 4

classified plants into herbaceous and tree species

Answer 4

Andrea Cesalpino

Question 5

divided plants into four types based on habit

Answer 5

Theophrastus

Question 6

• divided plants into herbs adn trees, then into Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons
• system as far more sophisticated and came close to natural system

Answer 6

John Ray

Question 7

first to understand the significane of floral and fruit structures

Answer 7

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 8

advantages of artifical classification system

Answer 8

• quick and easy
• easy to develop
• relatively stable

Question 9

disadvantages of artificial classification system

Answer 9

1. little predictive value
2. based on differences rather than similarities
3. lack of consideration for evolutionary relationship and genetic relatedness
4. may be outdated

Question 10

classification based upon morphological and anatomical relationships and affinities considered in the light of phylogeny and embryology

Answer 10

natural system of classification

Question 11

• developed a system that was based on overall physical characteristics of plants
• able to develop principles that served as foundation of natural system of plant classification

Answer 11

Antoine Laurent de Jussieu

Question 12

created a thorough classification scheme for plants based on their natural relationships, specifically the seed characteristics of plants

Answer 12

• George Bentham
• Joseph Hooker

Question 13

advantages of natural system

Answer 13

1. easy to use and understand as it is based on overall morphology, anatomy, and physical traits
2. help understand the evolutionary relationships between organisms
3. allow compare and contrast
4. more predictive value

Question 14

disadvantages of natural system

Answer 14

1. can be subjective
2. difficult to identify which physical characteristics are most important in grouping
3. does not take into account molecular or genetic data
4. complex than artificial

Question 15

proposed a system of classification which grouped organisms based on their evolutionary history and relationship

Answer 15

Ernst Haeckel

Question 16

classificationt that aimed to reflect true evolutionary relationships between organisms, as revealed by comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology

Answer 16

phylogenetic classification system

Question 17

early phylogenetic classifications relied primarily on plant morphology and anatomy, with a particular emphasis on __ __

Answer 17

reproductive morphology

Question 18

classification that focused on the development of fruit, flower, and seed. The complexity of plant morphology was used in order to arrange or classify plants

Answer 18

Engler and Prantl’s system of classification

Question 19

advantages of phylogenetic system

Answer 19

1. reliable
2. reflects evolutionary history and shared ancestry
3. predicitve value
4. provides framework for research on evolutionary relationshps, genetics, and biology

Question 20

disadvantages of phylogenetic system

Answer 20

1. parameters used to classify could mutate rapidly and generate new information
2. requires large data sets of DNA or protein sequences for accurate analysis
3. based solely on evolutionary relationships and does not reflect ecological relationships
4. can be subjective
5. complex