Macrotaxonomy (plants) Flashcards
was known to be the earliest classification system
artificial system
scientists who developed the artificial system
- Aristotle
- Theophrastus
- John Ray
- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
- Carolus Linnaeus
father of modern taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
classified plants into herbaceous and tree species
Andrea Cesalpino
divided plants into four types based on habit
Theophrastus
- divided plants into herbs adn trees, then into Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons
- system as far more sophisticated and came close to natural system
John Ray
first to understand the significane of floral and fruit structures
Carolus Linnaeus
advantages of artifical classification system
- quick and easy
- easy to develop
- relatively stable
disadvantages of artificial classification system
- little predictive value
- based on differences rather than similarities
- lack of consideration for evolutionary relationship and genetic relatedness
- may be outdated
classification based upon morphological and anatomical relationships and affinities considered in the light of phylogeny and embryology
natural system of classification
- developed a system that was based on overall physical characteristics of plants
- able to develop principles that served as foundation of natural system of plant classification
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
created a thorough classification scheme for plants based on their natural relationships, specifically the seed characteristics of plants
- George Bentham
- Joseph Hooker
advantages of natural system
- easy to use and understand as it is based on overall morphology, anatomy, and physical traits
- help understand the evolutionary relationships between organisms
- allow compare and contrast
- more predictive value
disadvantages of natural system
- can be subjective
- difficult to identify which physical characteristics are most important in grouping
- does not take into account molecular or genetic data
- complex than artificial
proposed a system of classification which grouped organisms based on their evolutionary history and relationship
Ernst Haeckel
classificationt that aimed to reflect true evolutionary relationships between organisms, as revealed by comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology
phylogenetic classification system
early phylogenetic classifications relied primarily on plant morphology and anatomy, with a particular emphasis on __ __
reproductive morphology
classification that focused on the development of fruit, flower, and seed. The complexity of plant morphology was used in order to arrange or classify plants
Engler and Prantl’s system of classification
advantages of phylogenetic system
- reliable
- reflects evolutionary history and shared ancestry
- predicitve value
- provides framework for research on evolutionary relationshps, genetics, and biology
disadvantages of phylogenetic system
- parameters used to classify could mutate rapidly and generate new information
- requires large data sets of DNA or protein sequences for accurate analysis
- based solely on evolutionary relationships and does not reflect ecological relationships
- can be subjective
- complex
