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Systematics > Lecture 1. The Science of Taxonomy and Systematics (video) > Flashcards

Lecture 1. The Science of Taxonomy and Systematics (video) Flashcards

1
Q

Mainly focus on describing, naming, and classifying organisms

A

Taxonomy

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2
Q
  • scientists who study plants and animals, classify them and name new species
  • Discover new species, and identify species that are already known, is critical to understanding and protecting them
A

Taxonomists

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3
Q

What do Taxonomists do

A
  • study and classify plants and animals
  • name new species
  • Discovering new species, and identifying species that are already known, is critical to understanding and protecting them
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4
Q
  • Study of nature and origin of natural population of living organisms, both present and past (Myers, 1952)
  • Production of cladograms that link taxa through their observed variation
  • Conceptual and procedural relationships among and within areas of it
A

Systematics

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5
Q

Triad of Systematics

A
  1. Taxonomy
  2. Study of the Process of Evolution
  3. Study of Phylogeny
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6
Q

Provides the names, the categories, and the boxes where we put organisms in

A

taxonomy

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7
Q

Use as a way to differentiate different populations and to create certain changes and speciation through reproductive isolation, natural selection, the origin of species, hybridization of organism

A

study of the process of evolution

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8
Q
  • divergence and/or development of all groups
  • use cladograms or the tree of life
A

study of phylogeny

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9
Q

groups in the study of phylogeny triad

A
  • mode
  • time
  • place
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10
Q

What do Biosystematists do

A
  • study the big picture
  • seek to ensure that classification of organisms is founded on evolutionary relationships
  • allow predictions about properties and traits of organisms
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11
Q

result of billions of years of evolution on living organisms

A

diversity

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12
Q
  • anti-cancer compound
  • found in Taxol plant
A

paclitaxel

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13
Q
  • anti-pain medicine
  • found in snail poison
  • more powerful than morphine
A

conotoxin

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14
Q

Taxonomy and Systematics as a Useful Science

A
  1. Feeding the World
  2. Discovering the Drugs of the Future
  3. Improving Human Health
  4. Enabling Industrial Innovation
  5. Enabling Sustainability
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15
Q
  • taxonomy of pests and pathogens
  • Discovering biological control agents
  • Documenting wild relatives of crop plants and animals to discover genes that may improve yields or resist disease
  • Exploring the taxonomy of soil and aquatic microbes
A

feeding the world

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16
Q

Fifty percent (50%) of all pharmaceutical compounds registered for use in the USA are derived from, or were originally discovered in living organisms

A

discovering the drugs of the future

17
Q
  • Many disease-causing organisms have not yet been named or studied
  • Ecologists and farmers of the human microbiome carefully manipulate our internal biodiversity to cure diseases and keep us healthy
A

improving human health

18
Q

Organisms that produce medicines, fuels, plastics, and other organic chemicals

A

enabling industrial innovation

19
Q

By characterizing biodiversity, taxonomists and biosystematist provide the framework and tools by which others can study change and resilience of the Earth system in the face of past, present and future stresses.

A

enabling sustainability

20
Q

forefronts or the initial stages of sustainability

A

systematics and taxonomy

21
Q

threat from human-induced environmental change

A
  • global warming
  • pollution
  • extractive industries
22
Q

Other Fields of Sciences Taxonomy and Systematics Support

A
  1. Ecology
  2. Genetics
  3. Geology
  4. Earth Science
  5. Oceanography
  6. Climate Science
  7. Agricultural Science
  8. Medicine
  9. Environmental Science
  10. Conservation Science
23
Q

By ensuring that species and other taxa are scientifically robust, well characterized, and can be accurately identified

A

Ecology

24
Q

By providing evolutionary and taxonomic framework that allows understanding of genetic diversity and evolution

A

Genetics

25
Q

By characterizing and documenting fossils that form basis of much of stratigraphy and, hence, key to mining and oil and gas exploration

A

Geology

26
Q

By enabling documentation of biogeochemical cycles that help stabilize and drive Earth systems

A

Earth Science

27
Q

By discovering and documenting organisms that underpin and drive ocean productivity.

A

Oceanography

28
Q

By enabling past, current, and future climate change to be tracked, through an understanding of their effects on species and ecological communities.

A

Climate Science

29
Q

By characterizing pests, diseases, beneficial organisms, and wild relatives of crop plants.

A

Agricultural Science

30
Q

By enabling deeper, more accurate knowledge of microbiome, i.e. human pathogens and probiotics.

A

Medicine

31
Q

By discriminating species and supporting and understanding of life histories and management of natural resources and species stocks

A

Environmental Science

32
Q

By providing authoritative species names that underpin conservation planning and legislation

A

Conservation Science

33
Q

Rise of botany and zoology as applied sciences

A

16th century

34
Q

Extensive botanical and zoological taxonomy (identification)

A

18th and 19th century

35
Q

Introduction of the theory of evolution

A

19th century

36
Q

Taxonomy vs. Systematics:
based on what it refers

A

Taxonomy: classification of organisms

Systematics: study and classification of organisms for the determination of the evolutionary relationship of organisms

37
Q

Taxonomy vs. Systematics:
based on where it is involved

A

Taxonomy: classification and naming of organisms

Systematics: classification, naming, cladistics, and phylogenetics

38
Q

Taxonomy vs. Systematics:
based on evolutionary history of organisms

A

Taxonomy: does not deal with the evolutionary history of organisms

Systematics: deals with the evolutionary history of organisms

39
Q

Taxonomy vs. Systematics:
based on future studies

A

Taxonomy: change with future studies

Systematics: does not change with future studies

Systematics (17 decks)

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