History of Systematics (addition) Flashcards
- introduced the concept of evolution
- Theory of transmutation
- evolve according to function
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
species may transform to another to achieve perfection/complexity
Theory of transmutation
introduce concept of evolution
Law of Use and Disuse
- divided animal life to 4 branches according to archetypes/body plans
- theory of catastrophism
- comparative anatomy of fossil and living forms
George Cuvier
George Cuvier 4 branches of animal life
- articulata
- mollusca
- radiata
- vertebrata
species are immutable but can go extinct
theory of catastrophism (revolutionary thought)
- unity of composition
- species are mutable as influenced by environmental conditions
- homologous structures of species
Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
- coined the term morphology to present the entirety of an organism’s form from development to adult as opposed to type
- archetypes contained the inherent nature of a taxon (bird-ness, mammal-ness)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- classified or grouped organisms based on presence of sense organs
- importance of observable features
- homologize vertebral elements with vertebral skull with fusion as main development mechanism
Lorenz Oken
Lorenz Oken groups based on sense organs:
invertebrates
Dermatozoa
Lorenz Oken groups based on sense organs:
fish
Glossozoa
Lorenz Oken groups based on sense organs:
reptiles
Rhinozoa
Lorenz Oken groups based on sense organs:
birds
Otozoa
Lorenz Oken groups based on sense organs:
mammals
Opthalmozoa
Dermatozoa
membrane
Glossozoa
tongue
Rhinozoa
opening (nose)
Otozoa
ears
Opthalmozoa
eyes
defined homology and analogy
Richard Owen
same structure different function
homology
same function different structure
analogy
- promoted Darwin’s theory of evolution
- presented the tree of life (Darwin vs Aristotle) in graphical form
- showed genealogical relationships, degrees of modification
Ernst Haeckel
- coined the term Phylogeny to refer to genealogical relationships
Ernst Haeckel
