Nicholas II (1894-1914) Flashcards
How old was Nicholas upon his accession to the throne
26
How many died at Khodynka fields in May 1896
1,400
What nationality was the Tsarina
German
Why was Rasputin close to the royals
Cured prince Alexia’s haemophilia
Which groups disliked Rasputin
Church
Stolypin
Duma
What did Pobedonostev think of Nicholas
Believed him to be incompetent and would need serious help from advisers
How did Nicholas describe the Liberal demands for an elected representative body
Senseless dreams
How many spinners and weavers went on strike 1896-97
30,000
How many workers were involved in the 1899 strikes
100,000
What were the main beliefs of the Liberals
Limit the Tsar’s power
Elected body of representatives
Civil rights and freedom
What organisations did the Liberals form in order to start spreading their messages
Kadets & Octoberists
Who were the SRs formed from in 1902
People’s will & Black partition
What were the main beliefs of the SRs
Commitment to socialism
Peasant uprising
What were the main beliefs of the SRs
Commitment to socialism
Peasant uprising
How many people are estimated to have been killed by the SRs 1901-05
2000
What percentage of SR membership was workers
50%
What formed the SDs
Marxist circles in Minsk reading Plekhanov’s translations
What were the SD divisions between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Mensheviks - slow transition to communism, inclusive membership
Bolsheviks - immediate communism, small centralised group
Who were the leading SDs
Lenin - Bol
Zasulich & Trotsky - Men
What were the main changes Lenin made to Marxism
Weakest link theory
Small tight knit revolution
Telescoping the capitalism stage
Vanguard party
What was the Union of Liberation
Liberal Marxist-populist society found in 1903
Who was Yevno Azef
Okrana-SR double agent exposed as a spy by the SRs in 1908
How many SRs were arrested 1905-09
4500, (52% of which executed)
What were the overall demands of Father Gapon in the 1905 revolution
More rights and freedom for the people
Fixing the issue of poverty
Reform to working conditions
When was Bloody Sunday
9th January 1905
Who was assassinated on February 4th 1905
Grand Duke Sergei (Nick’s uncle)
What was the Union of Unions and when did it form
An umbrella organisation to represent everyone in Russian society
May 1905
When was the mutiny at Potemkin
14th June 1905
When did the St Petersburg Soviet form
13th October 1905
Who held power in the St Petersburg Soviet
Trotsky & Mensheviks
When did the Tsar agree to the October manifesto
17th October 1905
What were the main clauses of the Oct Manifesto
Freedom of speech
End of unwarranted arrests
Duma
How may Jews were killed in attacks by the Russian right wing following the October Manifesto
3,000
How many soldiers were stationed in Poland during 1905
300,000
How many were killed in Odessa when Potemkin arrived
2,000
How long did it take for the Russian Navy to be defeated at Tsushima straights
Less than an hour
How did the Russo-Japanese war effect Russia
International embarrassment (lost to lesser power)
Trans-Siberian railway disrupted
Opposition grew to war
US involvement in peace settlement (Roosevelt)
What signalled the end of the Russo-Japanese war
Treaty of Portsmouth
How many were killed on Bloody Sunday
130
What 1906 law weakened the Duma
Fundamental law
How many people were hung between Oct 1905 & April 1906
15,000
How many Dumas were there
4
Who won the most seats in the first Duma
Kadets (liberals)
What was Stolypin’s coup
Changing the Duma electoral system to favour the Tsar
What was the circulation of Pravda before 1914
40,000
1909 how many of the 5 Bolshevik leaders in St Petersburg were double agents
4
When was the Lena Goldfields massacre and how many were killed
April 1912
200+
What was the Lena Goldfields massacre
Army shooting strikers
