Centralisation, Terror & Oppression Flashcards
When and why did the Red Terror begin
Attempted assassination of Lenin on 30th August 1918
When was the Tsar executed
17 July 1918
What was the official record of deaths at the hand of the Cheka
13,000
What is the estimated number of deaths at the hand of the Cheka
500,000
What percentage of prisoners in Moscow were children in 1920
5%
How many uprising did the Cheka claim occurred in Feb 1921
118
What was the state of Russia in 1921
Transport system collapsing
Factories couldn’t get resources
Low grain production - famine
Disease (Typhus, Cholera, Influenza)
When was the Tambov uprising
Aug 1920 - June 1921
Who led the Tambov uprising
Alexander Antonov
Who was the leader of the Cheka
Felix Dzerzhinsky
When was pre-publication censorship introduced
1922
How many Mensheviks were arrested in 1921
5000
When did the Cheka become the GPU
1922
How many SR leaders were held at show trials and how many of them were exectued
34 tried
11 of them killed
Villages that supported the Bolsheviks were rewarded with what?
Salt for food preservation
What group was established in 1921 to oppose the church
Union of the militant godless
When was the Politburo formed
1919
In 1919 how did the composition of Soviets change
Leaders now appointed by central committee rather than elected by members
What are the key factors that allowed for centralisation
Civil War
Collapse of Industry
Peasant oppression
Rail nationalisation
When was the ban on factionalism agreed upon
1921 - 10th party congress
What was the penalty for factionalism
Expulsion from the party
Which factions were disliked by Lenin
Workers’ Opposition
Democratic Centralists
What was the Nomenklatura (1923)
A list of 5500 party and governmental jobs, that were to be appointed
How did the constitution describe the USSR
“a dictatorship of the urban and rural proletariat”
When was the Federal USSR system set up
1922
How many died in the Great Grain famine 1921
5 Million
How much were bread rations cut by in January 1921
By a 1/3
When was martial law imposed in Moscow and Petrograd to suppress worker opposition
Jan 1921
What did Trotsky call the Kronstadt sailors in 1917
The ‘Pride and Glory’ of the revolution
How did Lenin describe the Kronstadt rebellion
A White Plot
How many were killed in the Kronstadt rebellion
10,000 rebels killed in battle
2,500 executed by Cheka
