Background & Emancipation Flashcards
What was the population of Russia in 1859
70 million (90% of which were peasants)
What percentage of peasants were surfs
50%
What farming system was used by the Mir
Three-Field rotation system
What were the few industrial sectors in Russia in the 1850s
Mills in St Petersburg
Iron mines in Urals
What percentage of the population were members of the Russian Orthodox Church
70%
When did Alexander II become Tsar
1855
When was the Crimean War
1853-1856
How long was conscription for peasants in the army
25 years (15 with good behaviour)
What was the significance of the Crimean War to Russia
Highlighted the poor communications from the capital to the front lines
Displayed the outdatedness of the army and its equipment
What were the main issues facing Alexander in 1855
Geography (size/diversity of Russia)
Political backwardness
Outdated army
Risk of revolt from peasants
What was Alexander’s opinion on serfdom
Believed it to be morally evil
By 1859 how much debt had built up due to unpaid surf taxes
54 million roubles
When was emancipation
1861
What were the main terms of emancipation
Legal freedom - marry, travel, trade
Allowed to keep their houses (and surrounding land but all other land had to be purchased
49 year redemption payments
Still under Mir control
How long was the transition period for emancipation
2 years
