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History Russia - Stuart Beck > Great Turn - 5YPs and agricultural > Flashcards

Great Turn - 5YPs and agricultural Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Kolkhoz

A

A type of collective farm made up of 50-100 households

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2
Q

When was the Ural-Siberian method implemented

A

1928-1929

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3
Q

What was the Ural-Siberian method

A

Forced collectivisation
Destruction of the Kulaks

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4
Q

How many industrial workers were sent to break up the Kulaks

A

25,000

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5
Q

In Jan/Feb 1930 how many peasants were forced into collective farms

A

50% ~ 60 million

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6
Q

Between March and Jun 1930 how did the number of peasants in collective farms change

A

Down from 58% - 24%

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7
Q

What percentage of peasant households were in collective farms

A

90%

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8
Q

In 1930/31 how many peasants were deported to Siberia & Kazakhstan

A

1.8 million

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9
Q

In 1930/31 how many peasants were arrested (and of those killed)

A

390,000 (21,000)

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10
Q

How many outbreaks of peasant unrest occurred in 1930

A

13,754

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11
Q

Who revolted in February 1930

A

Women in the North Cascasus

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12
Q

When was the Mir abolished

A

1930

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13
Q

Between 1928 and 1941 how many peasants left for the towns/industrial areas

A

20 million

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14
Q

When was the holodomor

A

1932-33

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15
Q

How many died in the holodomor

A

5.7~7 million

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16
Q

What was the law of five ears of corn

A

Anyone caught taking any produce from a collective field could be shot or imprisoned for stealing socialist property

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17
Q

What were peasant households allowed to own

A

One acre of land, one cow, one pig, four sheep (plus offspring) and any number of rabbits and poultry

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18
Q

What percentage of meat and veg were provided by private (Kolkhoz) plots

A

52% - veg
70% - meat

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19
Q

What were the grain exports in the 1931 & 1934 (in millions of tons)

A

5 - 1931
0.77 - 1935

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20
Q

What were the reasons for the great turn

A

‘Soviet America’
Self sufficiency
Establish Stalin’s credentials
Grain supplies

21
Q

What were the reasons for the 5 Year Plans

A

Turn away from NEP
Prepare for potential invasion

22
Q

How many years was Russian industry estimated to be behind the west

A

Over 50 Years

23
Q

What were the Gigantomania projects

A

Magnitogorsk (31)
Dnieprostroi Dam (32)
Moscow Metro (35)
Volga Canal (37)

24
Q

When were the five year plans

A

1st - 28-32
2nd - 33-37
3rd - 38-41

25
Q

What was the quicksand economy

A

Instability due to constant worker movement

26
Q

During the 1st 5yp what was the target and output for Electricity

A

T - 6x
O - 3x

27
Q

During the 1st 5yp what was the target and output for Iron

A

T - 3x
O - 2x

28
Q

How much did Steel production increase during the 1st 5yp

A

33%

29
Q

What were the consistent problems across all three five years plans

A

Decline in consumer goods
Organisations lying about their output
Quality neglected over quantity

30
Q

What was the three good years 1934-36

A

Self sufficiency
Good harvest
International trade

31
Q

How much did steel and coal production increase during the 2nd 5yp

A

Steel x3
Coal x2

32
Q

How much did spending on rearmament increase during the 2nd 5yp as a percentage of GDP

A

4% - 17%

33
Q

What was the 1940 decree on labour

A

8 hour work day
Can’t change jobs
Absenteeism

34
Q

Why was the 3rd 5yp derailed

A

Rearmament spending doubled

35
Q

What was the increase in the population of Moscow 1929-39

A

+1.9 million

36
Q

When was rationing implemented

A

1929-1935

37
Q

At magnitogorsk what percentage of people lived in mud huts

A

25%

38
Q

How much did meat consumption in Moscow fall

A

-60%

39
Q

Between 1928 and 1940 what was the increase in the number of women working in industry

A

10 million increase

40
Q

What were the negatives of women in the work force

A

Paid Less
Domination of medical jobs

41
Q

In 1935 what percentage of workers in Leningrad were women

A

44%

42
Q

Who was Alexei Stakhanov

A

Russian miner who did a voluntary 5 hour shift producing 102 tons of coal, 14x his quota

Soviet Hercules

43
Q

What examples are there of propaganda during the 5yps

A

2+2=5
Five year plan in four
Stakanatives

44
Q

How deep was the White Sea Canal

A

12 feet (making it useless)

45
Q

Who was Sergei Ordzhinikidze

A

Commissariat of heavy industry

46
Q

What was the Shakty trial (March 1928)

A

Accusation that some managerial staff at the Shakty coal mine were counter-revolutionaries. 5 were executed

47
Q

How did peasants resist collectivisation

A

Destruction of houses, tools and crops and culling of lifestock

48
Q

How much did the number of horses in Russia decrease 1928-1933

A

50% less

History Russia - Stuart Beck (21 decks)

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