Alex III Flashcards
What repressive document did Alexander publish upon ascending to the throne
Manifesto on Unshakeable Authority
How did Alexander III describe his father’s reforms
“Ill advised” and “pushing Russia on the wrong road”
Who did Alexander replace Loris-Melikov with as minister of the interior
Dmitri Tolstoy (following Ignatyev as acting minister)
What did the 1881 Statute of State Security do
Prohibit gatherings of over 12 people
Introduced emergency police powers
Out-of-system courts set up
Close some schools/papers
How long did the Statute of State Security last until
1917
What was the secret police renamed to in 1881
Okhrana
What emergency power was granted to the Okhrana in March 1882
Any citizen could be put under police surveillance
What new role was given to nobles in local government
Land Captains
What did the 1884 University statute do
University staff were now appointed by the Minister of Education
Women banned from courses
How did Alexander reform lower education
Church controlled primary schools
Fees introduced for secondary schools
What did the 1890 Zemstva act do
Centralised Zemstva control around the Ministry of the Interior
Government vetos
Election’s made to favour nobles even more
Despite oppressive reform how did the Zemstva maintain influence
Still held local power on construction/community building
Helped make the effects of the 1890s famine less severe
Following the 1892 Municipal Government Act what percentage of Moscow/St Petersburg were eligible to vote
0.7%
How did Alexander III repress the legal system
Introduced court martials to by-pass the public courts
Special non-jury courts introduced
Security of tenure for judges abolished
JPs abolished, role given to land captains
How many arrests were made following the assassination
10,000
What was Konspiratsia
A system of spies and double agents acting in the cities for the government
Which revolutionary group collapsed due to repressive policy
People’s Will
What progressive economic-social policies were implemented by Alexander
Abolished poll tax
Land banks
Limit child labour
What percentage of the population were ethnic Russians
~50%
What was the basic component of Russification
Forced adoption of Russian language, culture and religion for non-ethnic Russians
How was Russification implemented in Poland
Banned Polish language in education
Russians took top jobs in industry
Why was Russification deemed necessary in Ukraine
Growing Ukrainian intelligentsia and individual identity
How was Russification implemented in Ukraine
Prohibit the publication of books in Ukrainian and the use of the language in theatre
Where did the majority of Russian Jews live
The Pale of Settlement (EAST)
Who supported the Pogroms
Alexander III
Popedonestev
How were Jews repressed through Russification
Not allowed to own property, appeal court sentencing, hold certain jobs, vote in Zemstva, trade items (like alcohol)
Deported if they lived outside of the pale
What was the result of Jewish oppression
Emigration to Europe/USA
Joining revolutionary groups
How many Lutherans were converted to Orthodoxy
37,000
How many Muslim tartars were forcefully converted to Islam
100,000+ (Although many convert back)
What was built in the Estonian and Latvian capitals
Huge domed cathedrals
How many mass uprisings were there in 1888
322
