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History Russia - Stuart Beck > Khrushchev - Economy and Social > Flashcards

Khrushchev - Economy and Social Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the main initial economic problems facing Khrushchev

A

Low productivity
High taxes on private land (no intensive)
Poor livestock numbers

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2
Q

How did Khrushchev fix economic agricultural issues

A

Cut taxes
Cut procurement prices
Removed restrictions on land ownership

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3
Q

How many Kosmosol volunteers helped aggregate land during the VLS

A

300,000

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4
Q

How much new land was cultivated for the VLS

A

35.9 million acres

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5
Q

What percentage of grain came from the newly cultivated land in 1956

A

over 50%

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6
Q

By 1960 how much virgin land had been damaged due to the scheme

A

13,000 square miles

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7
Q

Why was land damaged by the VLS

A

Single crop cultivation
No anti-erosion measures
Topsoil blowing away

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8
Q

What did Khrushchev say about corn

A

“Corn can produce high yields in all areas”

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9
Q

Where was the only place corn actually thrived

A

Ukraine

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10
Q

How much of the 85 million acres of corn planted was ripe when harvested

A

A sixth

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11
Q

How did Khrushchev achieve his promise of matching the USA meat output by 1960

A

Slaughtered dairy cattle
Falsifying figures
Taxing school meals

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12
Q

Why were some peasants forced to sell livestock

A

Khrushchev restricted the size of private plots

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13
Q

What were the successes of the Seven Year Plan

A

Large investment in oil and gas
Increase in consumer goods
Investment in Urals

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14
Q

What were the failures of the Seven Year Plan

A

Over-focus on Space and missiles
Strain on other industries to fund others
1963-64 lowest growth rates post war

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15
Q

When was Sputnik launched

A

1957

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16
Q

When was Gagarin sent into space

A

1961

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17
Q

When was Tereshkova sent into space

A

1963

18
Q

In May 1957 how many regional economic councils were set up

A

105

19
Q

1954-55 how many enterprises were removed from centralised control

A

11,000

20
Q

Who were Aeroflot

A

Successful Russian airline promoted at the 1958 Brussels’s world fair

21
Q

What was the growth of consumer goods in 1964

A

Only 2%

22
Q

What was the increase in coal output 1955-1965

A

187 million tons

23
Q

What was the increase in TV ownership 1955-1965

A

3,160,000

24
Q

What was Khrushchev’s goal for cereal output and how much did he miss it by

A

180 million tons
Missed by 48 million

25
Q

Where was there a food shortage in 1962 and how many were killed by state troops

A

Novocherkassk
28 killed

26
Q

What worker reforms did Khrushchev introduce in 1960

A

7 hour working day
Increase minimum wage
Holiday pay
Repeal laws on absenteeism

27
Q

When did Khrushchev abolish tuition fees

A

1958

28
Q

How much did the number of students increase under Khrushchev

A

x3

29
Q

What did a 1961 survey show about the beliefs of the youth in Russia

A

A majority of them were cynical of the ideas of the October Revolution

30
Q

1959-1964 what percentage of places of worship were closed

A

75%

31
Q

How many cars people per car in 1966

A

200

32
Q

What was the Novy Mir

A

Publication body who released anit-government works

33
Q

How many people visited Russia for the 1957 Festival of Youth

A

34,000

34
Q

Who were the Stiliagi

A

Soviet ‘Teddy boys’

35
Q

What books were released seen as exposing the weaknesses of the Soviet system

A

Dr Zhivago
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich

36
Q

What was the Tamizdat and Samizdat

A

Tamizdat - Self/Foreign publication of works critical of the regime
Samizdat - Self duplicating of materials critical of the regime

37
Q

What was the Mayak

A

Poetry reading circle shut down by the government causing resentment from members

38
Q

In 1961 how many people were identified as having spread illegal material

A

130,000

39
Q

Who was Rudolf Nureyev

A

Leading Russia ballet-dancer who defected to France in 1961

40
Q

In 1961 what document did Khrushchev release stating that the USSR had built socialism and was progressing towards communism

A

New Party Programme

41
Q

How many people moved into new apartments 1956-65

A

108 million

History Russia - Stuart Beck (21 decks)

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