Khrushchev - Economy and Social Flashcards
What were the main initial economic problems facing Khrushchev
Low productivity
High taxes on private land (no intensive)
Poor livestock numbers
How did Khrushchev fix economic agricultural issues
Cut taxes
Cut procurement prices
Removed restrictions on land ownership
How many Kosmosol volunteers helped aggregate land during the VLS
300,000
How much new land was cultivated for the VLS
35.9 million acres
What percentage of grain came from the newly cultivated land in 1956
over 50%
By 1960 how much virgin land had been damaged due to the scheme
13,000 square miles
Why was land damaged by the VLS
Single crop cultivation
No anti-erosion measures
Topsoil blowing away
What did Khrushchev say about corn
“Corn can produce high yields in all areas”
Where was the only place corn actually thrived
Ukraine
How much of the 85 million acres of corn planted was ripe when harvested
A sixth
How did Khrushchev achieve his promise of matching the USA meat output by 1960
Slaughtered dairy cattle
Falsifying figures
Taxing school meals
Why were some peasants forced to sell livestock
Khrushchev restricted the size of private plots
What were the successes of the Seven Year Plan
Large investment in oil and gas
Increase in consumer goods
Investment in Urals
What were the failures of the Seven Year Plan
Over-focus on Space and missiles
Strain on other industries to fund others
1963-64 lowest growth rates post war
When was Sputnik launched
1957
When was Gagarin sent into space
1961
When was Tereshkova sent into space
1963
In May 1957 how many regional economic councils were set up
105
1954-55 how many enterprises were removed from centralised control
11,000
Who were Aeroflot
Successful Russian airline promoted at the 1958 Brussels’s world fair
What was the growth of consumer goods in 1964
Only 2%
What was the increase in coal output 1955-1965
187 million tons
What was the increase in TV ownership 1955-1965
3,160,000
What was Khrushchev’s goal for cereal output and how much did he miss it by
180 million tons
Missed by 48 million
Where was there a food shortage in 1962 and how many were killed by state troops
Novocherkassk
28 killed
What worker reforms did Khrushchev introduce in 1960
7 hour working day
Increase minimum wage
Holiday pay
Repeal laws on absenteeism
When did Khrushchev abolish tuition fees
1958
How much did the number of students increase under Khrushchev
x3
What did a 1961 survey show about the beliefs of the youth in Russia
A majority of them were cynical of the ideas of the October Revolution
1959-1964 what percentage of places of worship were closed
75%
How many cars people per car in 1966
200
What was the Novy Mir
Publication body who released anit-government works
How many people visited Russia for the 1957 Festival of Youth
34,000
Who were the Stiliagi
Soviet ‘Teddy boys’
What books were released seen as exposing the weaknesses of the Soviet system
Dr Zhivago
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
What was the Tamizdat and Samizdat
Tamizdat - Self/Foreign publication of works critical of the regime
Samizdat - Self duplicating of materials critical of the regime
What was the Mayak
Poetry reading circle shut down by the government causing resentment from members
In 1961 how many people were identified as having spread illegal material
130,000
Who was Rudolf Nureyev
Leading Russia ballet-dancer who defected to France in 1961
In 1961 what document did Khrushchev release stating that the USSR had built socialism and was progressing towards communism
New Party Programme
How many people moved into new apartments 1956-65
108 million
