neurotransmitter Flashcards
evolving fields of studies
- psychoendocrinology
- psychoimmunology
- psychoendoneuroimmunology
endocrine connection
the brain
how systems interconnect and communicate
- biochemical messagers
- hormones
- cytokines
biochemical messengers
- neuro transmitters
- neurohormones
- cytokines
important brain structures
- prefrontal cortex
- limbic system
- pineal gland
- brain stem
- autonomic nervous system
important messagers
- cholinergic
- biogenic amines
- amino acids
- neuropeptides
schizophrenia
- a greek term meaning “shattered mind”
- prevalence 5% ww
- more males than females
- symptoms start 16-30 years of age
schizophrenia etiology
unknown
- genetic
- viral infection in utero
- trigger
- structural changes
- chemical imbalance
schizophrenia - chemical imbalance
gultamate, dopamine, GABA, serotonin
schizophrenia - structural changes
atrophy of hippocampus
enlarged ventricles in brain
schizophrenia - trigger
stress events
schizophrenia - positive symptoms
wouldn’t normally be there
- hallucinations
- delusions
- thought disorder
- movement disorder
- special language
schizophrenia - negative symptoms
lack of
- inability to express emotion
- hygiene
- no enjoyment
schizophrenia - cognitive symptoms
brain related
- attention
- memory
- planning
Depression
more than feeling sad
emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioural components
depression - etiology
- genetic
- brain structures
- messengers
- tigger?
depression - brain structures
- hypothalamus-pituitary-thryoid
- hypothalamus-pituatary-adrenal
- hippocampus smaller
- amygdala larger
depression - messengers
decrease norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, melatonin, GABA, cortisol, acetylcholine
depression - trigger
stress, hormonal changes (post partum)
Two types of depression
- major depressive
- bipolar affective disorder
Major depressive
- decreased pleasure, mood, energy
- decreased sleep, libido
- worthlessness
bipolar affective disorger
elevated moods
- hyperenergetic, elated, euphoric and creative
depression
Possible link between?
depression and parkinson disease
