3- endocrine 1 Flashcards
pancreas is both
an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland
endocrine functions secretes (4)
- insulin
- glucagon
- somatostatin
- amylin
glucagon
increase blood glucose via glycogenolysis
amylin
inhibits glucagon secretio after meals
insulin
- promotes glucose up take by the cells
- only hormone that will lower our blood sugar
Diabetes Mellitus
altered metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and fats
DM - meaning of word
“going through” “ honey”
characteristics of DM
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
polyuria
excess urine
polydipsia
excess thirst
polyphagia
excess hunger
gulcosuria
presence of glucose
ketonemia
presence of ketones
types of DM
- type 1
- type 2
- gestational
- many are secondary to other condition
pathophysiology of DM type 1
- destruction of beta cells
- little to no insulin produced
- hyperglycemia and ketonemia
- 10% of diabetics
- immune mediated or idiopathic
- abrupt and earlier age of onset
management of DM type 1
admin of insulin
pathophysiology of DM type 2
- progressive impairment of beta cell function
- insulin resistance so beta cells exhausted
- hyperglycemia
- obesity
- later age onset
- more gradual onset
management of DM type 2
diet and expressive or oral hypoglycaemic (could be reversible to an extent)
diagnosis of DM
- history and physical exam
- laboratory findings
HbA1c (tests what?)
how long they have had high blood sugar?
complications of DM - acute
- hypoglycemia
- diabetic ketoacidosis (high blood sugar)
- hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
Acute DM #
4-7 mmol/L
