3- endocrine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pancreas is both

A

an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland

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2
Q

endocrine functions secretes (4)

A
  • insulin
  • glucagon
  • somatostatin
  • amylin
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3
Q

glucagon

A

increase blood glucose via glycogenolysis

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4
Q

amylin

A

inhibits glucagon secretio after meals

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5
Q

insulin

A
  • promotes glucose up take by the cells

- only hormone that will lower our blood sugar

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6
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

altered metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and fats

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7
Q

DM - meaning of word

A

“going through” “ honey”

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8
Q

characteristics of DM

A
  • polyuria
  • polydipsia
  • polyphagia
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9
Q

polyuria

A

excess urine

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10
Q

polydipsia

A

excess thirst

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11
Q

polyphagia

A

excess hunger

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12
Q

gulcosuria

A

presence of glucose

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13
Q

ketonemia

A

presence of ketones

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14
Q

types of DM

A
  • type 1
  • type 2
  • gestational
  • many are secondary to other condition
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15
Q

pathophysiology of DM type 1

A
  • destruction of beta cells
  • little to no insulin produced
  • hyperglycemia and ketonemia
  • 10% of diabetics
  • immune mediated or idiopathic
  • abrupt and earlier age of onset
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16
Q

management of DM type 1

A

admin of insulin

17
Q

pathophysiology of DM type 2

A
  • progressive impairment of beta cell function
  • insulin resistance so beta cells exhausted
  • hyperglycemia
  • obesity
  • later age onset
  • more gradual onset
18
Q

management of DM type 2

A

diet and expressive or oral hypoglycaemic (could be reversible to an extent)

19
Q

diagnosis of DM

A
  • history and physical exam

- laboratory findings

20
Q

HbA1c (tests what?)

A

how long they have had high blood sugar?

21
Q

complications of DM - acute

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • diabetic ketoacidosis (high blood sugar)
  • hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
22
Q

Acute DM #

A

4-7 mmol/L