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pathophysiology > inflammation and wound > Flashcards

inflammation and wound Flashcards

1
Q

reversible injury

A

cell can fully recover and return to normal function

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2
Q

apoptosis and programmed cell removal

A

programmed cell death and does not release any inflammatory response

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3
Q

cell death and necrosis

A

unplanned cell death and causes inflammation

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4
Q

cellular injury mechanisms

A 
hypoxic injury 
reperfusion injury 
oxidative stress 
genetics
infections
nutritional imbalances
changes in atmospheric pressure
environment 
chemical injury 
physical/mechanical force
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5
Q

hypoxic injury

A

anoxia or ischemia

can be caused by lack or oxygen or decrease blood flow or perfusion

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6
Q

anoxia or ischemia

A

reduced blood supply

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7
Q

reperfusion injury

A

restoration of circulation cause inflammation

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8
Q

oxidative stress

A

free radicals/ reactive oxygen species

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9
Q

chemical injury

A 
drugs
mead, mercury 
asbestos 
carbon monoxide
air pollutants
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10
Q

physical/mechanical forces

A

blunt force injuries

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11
Q

results of cellular injury

A
  1. mitochondrial damage
  2. ATP depletion
  3. defects in membrane permeability
  4. disruption of calcium homeostasis
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12
Q

systemic manifestations of cell injury

A 
fatigue 
malaise 
fever 
loss of appetite
elevated plasma 
inflammatory response
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13
Q

hypo

A

decrease

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14
Q

hyper

A

increased

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15
Q

hypoxic

A

decreased oxygen

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16
Q

inflammation

A

itis

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17
Q

inflammatory response

A

second line of defence
non specific
activated by cellular injury or cell death
regardless of the trigger the process of inflammation will always be the same

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18
Q

goals of the inflammatory response

A

limit and control injury process
prevent and limit infection and further damage
initiate adaptive immune response
initiate healing

19
Q

vascular responce to inflammation

A

blood vessel dilation
increased vascular permeability and leakage
- increase amount of blood enter and the blood flow dilates making capillary leaky and water and fluids come out of the capillary during inflammation

20
Q

cellular response to inflammation

A

white blood cells adhere to capillary
phagocytosis
white blood cells stick to capillary wall then sneaks out and goes to area of inflammation

21
Q

exudates

A

fluid, WBC and tissue debris

22
Q

cellular component

A

neutrophils

monocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, phagocytes, mast cells, platelets and other

23
Q

chemical components

A

histamine, leukocytes, prostaglandins, bradykinin, complement, serotonin and clotting systems

24
Q

5 signs of inflammation

A 
red
hot
swollen
loss of function 
pain
25
Q

systemic manifestation of acute inflammation

A
  • fever
  • fatigue, anorexia and endogenous pyrogens
  • leukocytosis
  • elevated erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)
26
Q

chronic inflammation

A
  • lasting 2 weeks or longer
  • often related to an unsuccessful actor inflammatory response
  • phagocytic cells (macrophages and lymphocytes rather than neutrophils)
    immune and inflammatory substances (can further injure cells and delay healing)
  • fibroblast and scar tissue formation leading to loss of function (replace normal tissue)
27
Q

systemic manifestation of chronic inflammation

A

same as acute

hyperplasia of spleen or lymph nodes

28
Q

resolution

A

returning injured tissue to original structure and function

29
Q

repair

A

replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue

30
Q

healing process

A

primary intention

secondary intention

31
Q

primary intention

A

wounds that heal under condition of minimal tissue loss

32
Q

secondary intention

A

wounds that require a great deal more tissue replacement

33
Q

factors affecting healing and tissue repair

A
  • age
  • blood supply
  • temperature
  • moisture
  • nutrition
  • tension on tissue
  • drugs and stress hormones
  • chronic disease
34
Q

phases of healing

A
  1. inflammation
  2. proliferation and new tissue formation
  3. remodelling and maturation phase
35
Q

inflammation

A

cleans up injured area

36
Q

proliferation and new tissue

A

fibroblast proliferation
epithelialization
contraction

37
Q

remodelling and maturation phase

A

cellular differentiation
scar tissue formation
scar remodelling

38
Q

complication of wound healing

A 
stenosis
adhesions
infection
strictures and contractors 
excess scar formation
dehiscence or evisceration
39
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

40
Q

adhesion

A

scar tissue that sticks to other scar tissue

41
Q

strictures and contractors

A

shortening of the skin - burns

42
Q

excess scar formation

A

keloids

43
Q

dehiscences or evisceration

A

closed wounds that have been open

pathophysiology (16 decks)

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