Neuroscience (2b)

Question 1

Neruon

Answer 1

Nerve cell. It is the fundamental building block of the nervous system. Communication between neruons is vital for normal brain and spinal cord functioning

Question 2

Sensory neuron

Answer 2

Gathers sensory information

Question 3

Motor neuron

Answer 3

Communicates information to the muscles

Question 4

Interneuron

Answer 4

Communicates with sensory and motor neurons and other inter neurons

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Recive information from other neurons on and sensory receptors

Question 6

Cell body

Answer 6

Receives information from the dendrites and if enough stimulation is received the message is passed onto the axon

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Carries the neurons message to terminal buttons

Question 8

Myelin sheath

Answer 8

Is a type of glial cell that covers segments o the axon to insulate and speed the neural impulses

Question 9

Terminal buttons

Answer 9

Terminal buttons Of axon form junctions with other cells and reuse chemicals called neurotransmitters

Question 10

Glia

Answer 10

Cells that make up the nervous system in addition to neurons

Question 11

Astroglia

Answer 11

Creates blood-brain barrier, influences communication between neruons and helps heal brain damage

Question 12

Oligodendroglia

Answer 12

Provides mylein to speed up transmission of neurons

Question 13

Microglia

Answer 13

Cleans up dead cells and prevents infection in the brain

Question 14

Resting potentional

Answer 14

When the neuron is at rest it is negatively charged (intercellular) relative to the outside (extracellular)

Question 15

Action potential

Answer 15

When a neuron fires ion channels opens to let charged ions flor into and out of the neuron.
- the neuron becomes more positive in the inside relative to the outside
- the shift in electrical charge triggers axon terminals to release neurotransmitters

Question 16

Refractory peroid

Answer 16

Immediately after a neuron is fired it cannot fire again - has to come back to resting.

Question 17

All or nothing principle

Answer 17

Either a bro is sufficiently stimulated to start an action potential (all) or it is not (none)

Question 18

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 18

Are the regions of bare axon that are between areas wrapped in myleyn. Action potentionals trave down yelled axons by jumping from node to node

Question 19

Postsynaptic molecules

Answer 19

Are electrical events in post synaptic neurons that occur when a neurons transmitter binds to one of its receptors. When a receptor is activated, postive or negative ions can flow through the receptor into the neuron

Question 20

Excitatory post synaptic potentials

Answer 20

Depolarize the neuron and increase the likelihood of an action potential

Question 21

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Answer 21

Hyper polarize the neuron and decrease the likelihood of an action potential

Question 22

Neural network

Answer 22

Neruons form circuits or networks that expand the communication amoung different brain regions

Question 23

Neuroplacicity

Answer 23

The brains ability to make new neural connections or to reorganize in response to injury or experience