Learning (5b)

Question 1

Phobia

Answer 1

Persistent, irrational, or obsessive ear of a pacific object or situation that my arise as a relit of fear conditioning

Question 2

Systematic desensitization

Answer 2

A process used to condition thee xtinction of phobias through a gradual exposure to the featured object

Question 3

Conditioned taste aversion

Answer 3

A form of lasscial conditioning when a previously neutral stimulus (odour or taste) elicited an eversive reaction after it is paired with illness (nausea)

Question 4

Operant conditioning

Answer 4

A form of associative learning where behaviour is modified depending on its consequences; aka instrumental conditioning

Question 5

La of effect

Answer 5

Behaviours leading to rewards are more Lilly to occur again, while behaviours producing unpleasantness are less likely to occur again
Unpleasantness«<

Question 6

Behaviourism

Answer 6

The systematic study and manipulation of observable behaviour

Question 7

Reinforcer

Answer 7

An experience that produces an increase in a certain behaviour
- food pellet

Question 8

Positive reinforcement

Answer 8

Presentation of a pleasant consequence following a behaviour to increase the probability the behaviour does not occur
- asking doggy to sit and giving her a treat when she does so

Question 9

Negative reinforcement

Answer 9

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus after a response to in the probability tht the behaviour will reoccur
- eating Advil to remove pain

Question 10

Punshiment

Answer 10

An experience that produces a decrease in a certain behaviour

Question 11

Positive punishment a pr

Answer 11

Presentation of an unpleasant consequence lol owing a specific beheaviour to decrease the probability of the behaviour being repeated
- falling on ice after wearing tall heels, next time wearing short heels

Question 12

Negative punshiment

Answer 12

Removal of a pleasant stimulus as a consequence of a behaviour to decrease the probability of the behaviour being repeated
- phone taken away for being late for curfew

Question 13

Primary reinforcer

Answer 13

Stimulus that as a survival value and is therefore intrinsically rewarding; biological
- food, water, sex

Question 14

Secondary behaviours

Answer 14

A neutral strimulus that becomes rewarding when associated with a primary reinforcer; learned
- money, grades, approval

Question 15

Primary punisher

Answer 15

A stimulus that is naturally aversive to an organism
- slapping, extreme temperatures, Louis sounds

Question 16

Secondary punishment

Answer 16

A stills that becomes aversive when associated with a primary punisher
- disapproval, criticism, bad grades

Question 17

Shaping

Answer 17

Indortucig new behaviour by reincfocing successive approximations of the desired behaviour until the complete behavioural sequence emerges
- steps to training a dog to roll over

Question 18

Behaviour modification

Answer 18

A systemic approach to chnage behaviour using principles of operant conditioning
- teacher, student, sticker, video games, moving places