History And Science (1c)

Question 1

What is discriptive research ?

Answer 1

They include case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys. They allow researchers to peruse the goal of description: to determine the existence (and sometimes strength) of a relationship between variables of interest

Question 2

What are some advantages and Disadvantages of Descriptioin research - Case study

Answer 2

Case study is an intensive study of one person
A: helps develop early ideas about phenomena
D: Researcher bias. You can not generalize you results to all people

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages f Descriptive research: Naturalistic observation

Answer 3

Naturalistic observation is observing people behaving as they normally do
A: more reflective of actual human behaviour
D: Researcher bias. Hawthorne effect

Question 4

Advantages and disadvantages to descriptive research - surveys

Answer 4

They ar the use of questionnaire or interview
A: gather information that they migh to be able to gather using other methods. May be able to measure realtionship strength between variables
D: Participant Bias. The direction of relationship between variables is unknown (which one is the result of which )

Question 5

experimental research

Answer 5

Manipulation and control of variables. the purpose is to identify cause and effect (meets the explanation goal of psychology). Examines how one variable (IV) CAUSES another variable to change (DV)

Question 6

Advantages and disadvantages of expiremental research

Answer 6

A: Can establish cause and effect. Can eliminate outside influences
D: Might not be generalizable. Sometimes unethical

Question 7

Experimental group

Answer 7

The group that is exposed to the independent variable

Question 8

Control group

Answer 8

The group that is not exposed to the independent variable; this group is used to compare how the IV changed the DV

Question 9

Random assignment

Answer 9

The researcher should randomly assighned who goes in which group, which helps groups be balances in terms of any other factor that could influence the results

Question 10

Double blind procedure

Answer 10

Neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is in which group

Question 11

Statistics

Answer 11

Describe and measure realtionships between variables

Question 12

Descriptive research

Answer 12

Correlations indicate if there is a relationship between variables

Question 13

Expiremanetal research

Answer 13

Statistics indicate if the hypothesis has been supported or if there is a meaningful difference between the groups

Question 14

Correlation coefficient

Answer 14

The strength and nature of the relationship ( -1.00 to +1.00)

Question 15

Positive relationships

Answer 15

Is when both variables increase together

Question 16

Negative relationships

Answer 16

When one variable increases, the other decreases

Question 17

Descriptive statistics

Answer 17

Describe the data

Question 18

Mean

Answer 18

Average of all this scores

Question 19

Standard deviation

Answer 19

How much the participants’ scores vary from one another

Question 20

Interferential statistics

Answer 20

Help to draw conclusion about the data
- using t-tests or ANOVAs, determine a P-VALUE (which is the probability that the results of you experiment are not due to chance)
- if the P -VALUE is lower that 0.05, there is only a 5 % likelihood that your results occurred by chance

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

Repeated testing of hypothesis to ensure results from one expirament are not due to chance

Question 22

Code of ethics/research ethics board

Answer 22

Code of ethics is the where the Canadien psycologcial association clearly states that the participant should e protected and priotized in the study (human or animal).
research ethics boards are considers the ethics police they are a research oversight group that evaluates research to protect he participants in the study

Question 23

Ethical guidelines - human research

Answer 23

1. Obtain informed consent - obtaining permission form the participant after they know what the study involves and the risks and benefits of participating
2. protect participants from harm and discomfort
3. Protect confidentiality
4. Participation must be voluntary
5. Deception or incomplete disclosure
6. Provide complete debriefing - revealing to participants any information that was withheld during the study

Question 24

Ethical guidelines - animal research

Answer 24

1. Animal are only used if the erases promises sighnficint benefit to humans or animals
2. Animals are used if there is no other alternative
3. Humane methods must be used
4. Smallest number of animals possible must be used
5. All pain and distress must be limited