Neuroscience (1a)

Question 1

Neuroscience

Answer 1

Is the study of of the brain and nervous system

Question 2

Neuroimaging

Answer 2

Techniques that aloe for studying brain activity and structure by obtaining visual images in awake humans

Question 3

CT or CAT scans

Answer 3

Produce clear, detailed, 2D X-ray images of the brain and other organs
- better at detecting problems - strokes or blood vessel abnormalities; preferred for identifying many forms of cancer
- Faster to administer - so more useful in emergency’s
- cost less

Question 4

MRI scans

Answer 4

Produce clearer images that CT scans and do not use radiation as CT scans does . Use magnetic field to produce anatomical pictures

Question 5

DTI scans

Answer 5

It measures the orientation and integrity of white matter to asses damage in the brain and with the assistance of a computer, it procured a DTI colour map. (Can help with concussions as more conventional techniques no dot asses white matter)

Question 6

Central nervous system

Answer 6

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 7

Made up of all the nerves throughout our bodies that deliver information back and forth between the periphery an the central nervous system

Question 8

Neurons

Answer 8

Are the cells that carry information between the various parts of our bodies and nervous systems

Question 9

Afferent Neruons

Answer 9

• aka sensory neurons
• Carry sensory information form the RECEPTORS in the skin/other organs —-> CNS
• Carry signals from the PNS to the CNS

Question 10

Efferent neurons

Answer 10

• aka motor neurons
• Carry motor information from the brain —-> PNS
• Carry signals from the CNS to the PNS
• Exit

Question 11

Interneurons

Answer 11

Neurons that connect two or more efferent neurons

Question 12

somatic nervous system

Answer 12

Is made up of all the nerves that gather sensory information from all over the body (touch and pain) to deliver it to the spinal cord and brain

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 13

Operate mostly without conscious control or thought by the CNS. Both components of the ANS are made up of collections of nerve cells distributed throughout the body.

Question 14

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 14

Responsible for the flight or fight reaction, the physiological response that enables us to respond to potentially life-threatening situations

Question 15

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

Reveres the effects of the sympathetic nervous system to return the body to its resting state

Question 16

Spinal cord injury

Answer 16

Spinal cord injury occurs when the nerves that make up the spinal cord itself are damaged - the higher up the spinal cord the more traumatic the damage

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

Important for basic bodily functions including respiration and heart rate regulation as well as regulating reflexes such as sneezing and coughing
- ciritcal for survival and normal functioning
- occur without conscious knowledge or control

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

Involved in sleep, dreaming breathing, smelling , eye movements, facial session, and expression.

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

Important for motor coordination, certain types f learning involving movement , balance

Question 20

Reticular formation

Answer 20

Regulates sleep-wake cycle, plays a. Role in wakefulness as well as level of arousal
- complex network of neuceli extending from the hindbrain
- anaesthetics

Question 21

Substantial nigra

Answer 21

Is important for movement, neurons produce dopamine, ciritcal for fluidity of movement such as walking with a steady rhythm as well as inhabition of movement
- major structure damaged in Parkinson’s

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

Serve as relay stations for incoming sensory information
- LGN - visual information to the visual area of the cortex
- MGN - relaying auditory information to the auditory area of the cortex

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

Responsible for a number of motivated behaviours necessary for our survival.
- eating, drinking, sleep, sex, maternal behaviour
- critical for the control of the endocrine or hormonal system

Question 24

Pituitary

Answer 24

Works with the hypothalamus to control hormones important for growth, reproduction, metabolism, stress

Question 25

Limbic system

Answer 25

Hypocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, piura try all ae ollectivlly called limit system cause they vibe well together - interconnectivity

Question 26

Amygdala

Answer 26

Recognizing, learning about and responding to stimuli that induce fear - phobias

Question 27

Basal ganglia

Answer 27

Cognitive flexibility and regularly voluntary movement control

Question 28

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 28

Area in the basal ganagila
- important for motivation and reward learning
- dopamine release

Question 29

Cerebral cortex

Answer 29

Responses for the complex functions including consciousness language and thought

Question 30

Sensory cortex

Answer 30

Registers sensory neurons (touch)

Question 31

Motor cortex

Answer 31

Registers the motor neurons (muscles)

Question 32

Association Cortex

Answer 32

Responsible for many complex functions included higher order sensory processing, integrating informations form other senses, thinking planning, and other complex functions

Question 33

Occipital lobe

Answer 33

Back of brain
- primary visual cortex i pro at for processing information about visual stimuli
- processed conrtalaterally (opposite sides)

Question 34

Temporal lobe

Answer 34

Sides of the brain
- processing information about auditory stimuli and language
- Lanaguge comprehension

Question 35

Partial lobe

Answer 35

Sensory, intregration
- touch, pressure, pain

Question 36

Frontal lobe

Answer 36

Temporal planning, social relationships, movement, personality

Question 37

Prefontal lobe

Answer 37

Memory morality mood planning