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Module 8 theory > Neurophysiology > Flashcards

Neurophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following connective tissue sheaths surrounds entire nerve?

A

Epineurium

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2
Q

Which one of the following components is included in the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves

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3
Q

What is the function of the enteric plexus?

A

It regulates the digestive system

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4
Q

is the CNS a subdivision of the PNS?

A

no

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5
Q

What divisions or branches makes up the motor portion of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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6
Q

Which one of the following functions regarding the function of the Nervous System is TRUE?

A

Motor neurons carry information from the brain toward the spinal cord

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7
Q

what cell is responsible for forming myelin in the Central Nervous System?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the structure of a neuron is TRUE?

A

An action potential is an electrical signal traveling along the nerve due to movement of ions

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9
Q

What cell is a neuroglia in the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Schwann cells

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10
Q

Which one of the following structures is defined as: a gap in the neurolemma of myelinated cells?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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11
Q

Which one of the following channels opens in response to a change in the membrane potential?

A

Voltage-gated channel

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12
Q

Which one of the following phases begins as a negative membrane potential that becomes less negative, reaches zero, then becoming positive again thereby opening voltage-gated Na+ channels?

A

Depolarization Phase

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13
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding a chemical synapse is TRUE?

A

A chemical synapse receives an electrical signal converts into a chemical one then back to an electrical signal

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14
Q

what neurotransmitter functions at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

Which one of the following parts of the brain is the main relay center for conducting information between the spinal cord and the cerebrum?

A

Thalamus

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16
Q

Which one of the following structures divides the cerebrum into the right and left hemisphere?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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17
Q

Which one of the following areas is found in the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual cortex

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18
Q

Which one of the following landmarks is used to distinguish the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

Lateral fissure

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19
Q

Which one of the following structures contains the cardio-vascular center, which regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat?

A

Medulla oblongata

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20
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the function of the cerebellum is FALSE?

A

It is important for conscious proprioception

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21
Q

Which one of the following nerve roots are part of the cervical enlargement?

A

C4 – T1

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22
Q

Which one of the following vertebral levels does the adult spinal cord extends to?

A

L1 –L2

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23
Q

Which one of the following structures surrounds the Diencephalon?

A

Third ventricle

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24
Q

Which one of the following structures is the pia mater which extends from the conus medullaris to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

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25
Q

Which one of the following events would occur in the brain if a pot of caffeinated coffee was consumed to study for this exam?

A

Caffeine would block A1 receptors in the RAS

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26
Q

Which one of the following statements is NOT a function of the Cerebrospinal Fluid?

A

It replenishes blood when the plasma is dehydrated

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27
Q

Which one of the following structures does the neural tube ultimately form?

A

Central nervous system

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28
Q

Which one of the following statements concerning spinal nerves is TRUE?

A

Posterior and anterior roots unite to form a spinal nerve

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29
Q

Which one of the following parts of your memory and brain are being used if you can recall material studied 7 nights ago?

A

Long term memory in the cerebral cortex

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30
Q

Which one of the following areas of the brain is responsible for sensing the emotion of pain, pleasure, affection and anger?

A

Limbic System

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31
Q

Which one of the following functions of Astrocytes is FALSE?

A

They are critical phagocytes destroying microbes and damaged nervous tissue

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32
Q

what structure in a nerve cell is responsible for storing the neurotransmitter?

A

Synaptic vesicle

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33
Q

What event occurs to remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft?

A

Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine and the 2 portions then reabsorbed

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34
Q

Which one of the following ions is responsible triggering exocytosis of the synaptic vesicle with in the pre-synaptic neuron during signal transmission in the nervous system?

A

Ca++

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35
Q

Which one of the following terms is defined as: a build up of neurotransmitter released simultaneously by several pre-synaptic end bulbs to create threshold and ultimately generate an action potential?

A

Spatial summation

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36
Q

Which one of the following statements describes why the resting membrane potential in nerve cells is negatively charged?

A

There are a high number of anion phosphates and proteins in the cytosol

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37
Q

Which one of the following events occurs during the Repolarization Phase to return the nerve cell to a -70mV resting membrane potential?

A

An outflow of K+ ions

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38
Q

Which one of the following structures of the brain is part of the brain stem?

A

Pons

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39
Q

Which one of the following statements describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

A

It protects the brain cells from harmful substances and pathogens found in the blood stream

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40
Q

Which one of the following plexus lays anteromedial to leavator scapula and middle scalene then deep to SCM muscle?

A

Cervical Plexus

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41
Q

Which one of the following structures is responsible for reabsorbing the Cerebrospinal fluid into the blood stream?

A

The arachnoid villi

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42
Q

Which one of the following structures is housed in the pyramids of the medulla?

A

Corticospinal tracts

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43
Q

Which one of the following structures contains the pneumotaxic area and apneustic area of respiration?

A

The Pons

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44
Q

Which one of the following structures is responsible for relaying motor output from the cerebral cortex to the pons and sensory input from the spinal cord to the thalamus?

A

Midbrain

45
Q

Which one of the following statements identifies the function of the neuropeptides, endorphins, and dynorphins?

A

They are the bodies natural painkillers

46
Q

Which one of the following nerve roots forms the cervical plexus?

A

The anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C4 or 5

47
Q

Which one of the following nerve roots forms the Intercostal plexus?

A

The intercostal nerves do not form a plexus they innervate the tissue directly

48
Q

Which one of the following structures is NOT innervated by the cervical plexus?

A

Subclavian muscle

49
Q

Which one of the following structures in the brain monitors chemical changes in the blood as it does not have a blood-brain barrier?

A

The Circumventricular organs

50
Q

Which one of the following areas of the brain provides control of the sleep wake cycles?

A

Reticular activating system

51
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves is known as Cranial Nerve 4?

A

Trochlear

52
Q

Which one of the following areas of the brain localizes pain and temperature sensations?

A

Thalamus

53
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Cranial nerve 9

54
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves innervates the eyeball causing abduction?

A

Abducens

55
Q

Which one of the following structures is the scientific term for the ‘white of the eye’?

A

Sclera

56
Q

When sound waves enter the external auditory canal, it causes the vibration of certain structures in sequence. From the lists provided, select the ONE sequence that is correct.

A

Tympanic membrane  malleous  incus  stapes  oval window

57
Q

Which structure of the inner ear is responsible for the sense of hearing?

A

Cochlea

58
Q

Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies the boundaries for the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane and oval window

59
Q

Which one of the following structures stimulates the hair cells of the Organ of Corti in the ear?

A

Tectorial membrane

60
Q

Which one of the following structures is the receptor which responds to rotational movements of the head?

A

Cristae

61
Q

Which one of the following areas of the eye is known as the ‘blind spot’?

A

Optic disc

62
Q

Which one of the following structures contains blood vessels that a doctor can view directly?

A

Retina

63
Q

Which one of the following areas of the eye has the highest concentration of cones?

A

Fovea centralis

64
Q

Which one of the following terms is the scientific name for pain receptors?

A

Nociceptors

65
Q

Which one of the following receptors detects vibration or pressure?

A

Mechanoreceptors

66
Q

Which one of the following receptors is NOT an example of a proprioceptor?

A

Meissner corpuscle

67
Q

Which one of the following structures monitor change in the length of a skeletal muscle ultimately creating muscle tone?

A

Muscle spindle

68
Q

Which one of the following pathways contains sets of 3 neurons, first order, second order and third order that relay information from the somatic receptors to the brain?

A

Somatic sensory pathway

69
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the ANS is TRUE?

A

The ANS is part of the Peripheral Nervous System

70
Q

Which one of the following statements is a function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

The responses include salivation, urination and digestion

71
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the Autonomic Nervous System is FALSE?

A

Only a few tissues in the body can respond to sympathetic stimulation

72
Q

Which one of the following neurons conducts impulses from somatic receptors into the brain stem or spinal cord?

A

First order neurons

73
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves is implicated in Trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Cn 5

74
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves has been damaged if a person experiences vertigo and tinnitus?

A

Cn 8

75
Q

Which one of the following cervical nerve levels unite to form the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm?

A

C 3, 4, 5

76
Q

Which one of the following nerves gives rise to the sural nerve?

A

Common fibular nerve

77
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

78
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies the anterior muscles of the leg and dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep fibular nerve

79
Q

Which one of the following nerves is formed by the lumbar plexus posterior division of root L2, L3 & L4?

A

Femoral

80
Q

Which one of the following nerve roots makes up the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

81
Q

Which one of the following dermatomes supplies a portion of the gluteals, the posterior aspect of the thigh and leg?

A

S2

82
Q

Which one of the following dermatomes receives sensory supply from the skin across the nipple line?

A

T4

83
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies the supinator muscle?

A

radial

84
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies teres minor muscle?

A

Axillary

85
Q

Which one of the following muscles is NOT innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Pectoralis minor

86
Q

Which one of the following nerves innervates the Trapezius muscle?

A

Cn XI

87
Q

Which of the following statements regarding nicotinic cholinergic receptors is FALSE?

A

They are activated by muscarine

88
Q

Which one of the following nerves gives rise to the saphenous nerve?

A

Femoral nerve

89
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the sciatic nerve is FALSE?

A

It passes through the lesser sciatic notch

90
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies the quadriceps group of muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

91
Q

Which one of the following reflexes is triggered if the effector in the reflex arc is a skeletal muscle?

A

Spinal reflex

92
Q

Which one of the following nerves supplies the piriformis muscle?

A

S1, S2

93
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the structures supplied directly by the Lumbar Plexus is FALSE?

A

It supplies the muscles in the posterior thigh

94
Q

Which one of the following receptors detects light?

A

Photoreceptors

95
Q

Which one of the following terms is defined as: area of skin supplied by a single nerve root?

A

Dermatome

96
Q

Which one of the following combination of cranial nerves has a somatic sensory component?

A

1, 2, 7, 8

97
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for the emotional responses to odours?

A

Limbic system

98
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves pairs carries the sensation of taste?

A

7 and 9

99
Q

Which cranial nerve carries the sensation of taste on the posterior third of the tongue?

A

Glossopharangeal

100
Q

Regarding the pathway of light, which of the following lists identifies the CORRECT structures in sequence in which light will enter the eyes?

A

Cornea  pupil  lens  retina

101
Q

If someone is having auditory hallucinations, what cranial nerve would you suspect is affected?

A

Vestibulocochlear

102
Q

Which one of the following neurotransmitters is released by the sweat glands stimulated by the postganglionic sympathetic nerves?

A

Acetylcholine

103
Q

Which one of the following muscles is innervated by Cranial Nerve 7?

A

Buccinator

104
Q

Which one of the following cranial nerves innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

XI

105
Q

Which of the following structures is innervated by the obturator nerve?

A

Adductor magnus

106
Q

Which one of the following sympathetic divisions of the ANS serves the glands of the cranium and face?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

107
Q

Which of the following is the reason why we usually are not consciously aware of autonomic functions of the body?

A

There is direct innervation from the brain stem and spinal cord

108
Q

Which of the following is an example of a sympathetic response?

A

Dilation of the pupils

109
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the pathway of the brachial plexus is TRUE?

A

It runs between the 1st rib and the clavicle

Module 8 theory (17 decks)

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