A&P final MCQ Flashcards
What tissue layer stores fats and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin?
Subcutaneous Layer
Which of the following cell types is the least numerous in the epidermal layer of skin?
Merkel cells
All of the following are characteristics of the apocrine sweat gland EXCEPT:
They regulate body temperature and waste removal.
Which one of the following organelles is where DNA is located?
Nucleus
Which one of the following types of connective tissue reduces heat loss through skin, serves as energy reserve, and supports and protects organs?
Adipose tissue
Which of the following describes an ionic bond?
The bonding of two ions with opposite charges
What is the name given to the molecular transporter that utilizes the sodium potassium pump?
Primary active transport
Which of the organic compounds contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen & phosphorus?
Nucleic Acids
Which one of the following defines homeostasis?
The body’s desire to change based on what’s happening in the external environment
Which of the following tissue types is unique in that it is the only contractile tissue in the body?
Muscular
Which one of the following joint structures lines the internal bone surface facing the medullary cavity?
Endosteum
Which one of the following structures is a fluid filled system of membranous sacs that encircles each myofibril?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which one of the following proteins is the main component in the thin filament in a sarcomere?
Actin
Which one of the following structures is a small gap that separates the 2 cells in the neuromuscular junction?
Synaptic Cleft
Which process provides enough energy for 30-40 seconds of muscle activity?
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Which one of the following is a small amino-acid like molecule that is synthesized in the liver, kidneys and pancreas and then transported to the muscle fibers?
Creatine
Which one of the following is a characteristic of Slow Oxidative muscle fibers?
They are the least powerful fibers
Which embryological layer forms muscle?
Mesoderm
Which one of the following functional classifications describes a hinge joint?
Monoaxial
How is a joint classified when it permits movement around 2 axies?
The joint is biaxial
What is the function of a tendon sheath?
To form a closed sac around tendons to prevent friction of the tendon
Which one of the following receptors detects awareness of movement and position of body parts?
Proprioceptor
Which one of the following boney structures is the distal and proximal portion of bone?
Epiphyses
Which one of the following boney structures is defined as: A sheath of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding the shaft and is responsible for lateral growth, protection, repairing fractures and nourishing the bone tissue?
Periosteum
Which bone cell is the bone building cell?
Osteoblast
Which one of the following statements regarding bone is TRUE?
Hydroxyapatite is mineral salts that crystals in bone creating the hardness of bone
Which term describes a fracture where many small pieces of bone are broken?
Comminuted fracture
Which one of the following is the first stage of bone healing?
Hematoma formation
Which one of the following stages of bone healing sees compact bone replacing spongy bone?
Remodeling
What is the function of the process of Transcription?
To produce a specific molecule of RNA
In which of the following carries blood away from the heart to other organs?
Arteries
Which of the following is the function of Na+/K+ ATPase?
To transport 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell
What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?
Allow for pulling forces in many directions
Areolar Connective tissue contains which of the following fibers?
Collagen & Elastic fibers
Which of the following types of cells found in connective tissue store triglycerides (fat)?
Adipocytes
Which one of the following statements is NOT a function of the Kidneys?
The kidneys return ammonia, urea and bilirubin to the blood stream
Which one of the following factors can decrease blood pressure and cause frequent urination due to the inhibition of the hormone ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone)?
Drinking alcohol
Which of the following forms the outermost covering of the kidneys?
Capsule
The renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and a:
Bowman’s capsule
Which of the following is NOT found in the glomerular filtrate in a healthy person?
Protein
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism occurs at which of the following structures?
Loop of Henle
Which anatomical structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Which one of the following regions contains the majority of the kidney’s glomeruli?
Cortex
Which one of the following processes is NOT a function of the nephron?
Glomerular reabsorption
Which of the following is the first step in urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
The return of filtered plasma to the blood. This statement describes which of the following terms?
Tubular reabsorption
Which one of the following cells forms pedicles that encircle the glomerular capillaries?
Podocytes
Which one of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
To transport bile from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the ureter
Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the role of ADH in concentrating urine?
Concentration of water in the blood decreases
________________ forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the wall of the glomerular capillaries.
Blood pressure
Which one of the following conditions is suspected if these symptoms develop: severe colicky flank pain radiating to the lower abdomen, vomiting and nausea?
Kidney stones
Which one of the following defence mechanisms does NOT protect against Urinary Tract Infections?
Cilia hairs along the ureters
Which of the following is the lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to cells of the body?
LDL
Which one of the following decreases basal metabolism?
Very low caloric intake
Which one of the following diseases is the result of a thiamin deficiency?
Beri beri
Which one of the following diseases is the result of a folic acid deficiency?
Macrocytic anemia
Which one of the following diseases is the result of a vitamin D deficiency?
rickets
Which one of the following diseases is the result of an Iron deficiency?
Anemia
Which nutrient helps to prevent blood clots and thereby reduces risk for heart disease?
Omega - 3 fat
Which one of the following is NOT a function of dietary fibre?
Creates more compact stools removing most of the water content increasing water absorption
Which one of the following is NOT a key molecule of metabolism?
Minerals
Which one of the following structures is surrounded by the 1st loop of the duodenum?
Head of the pancreas
In which one of the following quadrants is the hepatic flexure of the colon located?
The right upper abdominal quadrant
What is the name of the shortest part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Which one of the following terms describes the folds in the mucosa of the stomach?
Rugae
Which one of the following is the anatomical location of the soft palate?
The posterior 1/3 of the roof of the mouth
Which one of the following pancreatic cells produce insulin?
Islets of Langerhans
How is glucose moved into body cells?
Via facilitated diffusion
Which of the following is TRUE regarding blood glucose?
It can be converted to fatty acids and stored in adipose tissue
Which of the following regarding protein catabolism is FALSE?
Proteins are never used to make ATP
Which one of the following metabolic pathways converts excess sugar into glycogen for storage?
Glycogenesis
Which one of the following is the etiology of anorexia nervosa?
Self-starvation
Which one of the following metabolic pathways converts NADH and FADH2 into 32 or 34 molecules of ATP?
Krebs cycle
Which one of the following statements regarding the left lung is TRUE?
The left lung has two lobes and one fissure
Which one of the following statements regarding the left lung is TRUE?
The left lung has two lobes and one fissure