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Module 8 theory > integumentary > Flashcards

integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following groups lists all the “cardinal signs” of inflammation?

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

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2
Q

Which one of the following events is responsible for localizing the spread of infection at an injury site?

A

Stagnation of flow and blood clotting at the capillary bed

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3
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the vascular stage of inflammation is responsible for causing pain?

A

Fluid accumulating in the tissues surrounding the injury

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4
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding wound healing is FALSE?

A

Malnutrition does not impact wound healing rates

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5
Q

Which one of the following grades of injury indicates that a sprained ligament has ruptured but the bone is intact and uninjured?

A

Grade 3

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6
Q

Which one of the following traumas is considered a disease rather than a physical agent that causes soft tissue damage?

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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7
Q

Which one of the following soft tissue injuries results in torn skin increasing the risk of infection?

A

Laceration

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8
Q

Which one of the following injuries is described as a small piece of bone or cartilage floating free in the joint space?

A

Loose body

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9
Q

Which one of the following terms describes a microbial infection where the host is not adversely affected nor do they benefit from the relationship?

A

Commensal flora

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10
Q

Which one of the following statements describes an opportunistic infection?

A

A pathological infection resulting from a weakened immune system.

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11
Q

Which one of the following terms describes the increase of disease that is abrupt and unexpected?

A

Epidemic

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12
Q

Which one of the following diseases is a bone tumor?

A

Osteoma

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13
Q

Which cell types can divide and replicate throughout life and replace cells that turnover daily?

A

Labile cells

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14
Q

Which one of the following conditions is NOT an etiology of Osteonecrosis?

A

Tuberculosis

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15
Q

Which one of the following bone conditions results from the combination of calcium and fatty acids forming soap?

A

Osteonecrosis

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16
Q

Which one of the following joint tissues is slowly destroyed by excessive wear and tear leading to the development of Osteoarthritis (OA)?

A

Articular cartilage

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17
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (OA) is FALSE?

A

There is an abnormal immune response against the synovial membrane.

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18
Q

Which one of the following cells stops producing proteoglycans during the course of OA?

A

Chondrocytes

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19
Q

Which one of the following events during the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis (OA) results in the formation of bone cysts?

A

Synovial fluid leaking through erosions in the cartilage into the subchondral bone

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20
Q

Which one of the following processes during OA, is caused by the release of too many protease enzymes?

A

Surface cracks in the cartilage

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21
Q

Which one of the following terms describes the bony outgrowths at the joint margins during OA?

A

Osteophytes

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22
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding Secondary OA is FALSE?

A

Impact exercise is necessary after immobilization to increase the pumping action of the joint to facilitate lubrication of the damaged cartilage.

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23
Q

Which one of the following pathological changes occurs in the fingers of persons with OA?

A

Bouchard or Heberden Nodes

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24
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding arthritis in children is FALSE?

A

Children with arthritis will always grow to full adult height.

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25
Q

Which one of the following joints is primarily affected by Ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Sacroiliac

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26
Q

Which one of the following groups of symptoms indicates a child may have Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Fever, rash, synovitis, and swelling of the lymph and spleen

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27
Q

Which one of the following events triggers an attack of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Systemic blood infection triggering an aberrant immune response in synovial membrane tissue

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28
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding Gout is FALSE?

A

Repeated attacks of gout are asymptomatic and lead to very minor joint changes

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29
Q

Which one of the following pathological changes occurs in the joints of person affected by chronic Gout?

A

The formation of Tophi

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30
Q

Which one of the following organs is affected by Gout Syndrome?

A

Kidneys

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31
Q

Which one of the following groups of symptoms is found in the early stages of Osteoarthritis?

A

Aching joints during activity and relieved by rest

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32
Q

Which one of the following events triggers an attack of Gout?

A

Precipitation of monosodium urate crystals out of the synovial fluid triggering inflammation

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33
Q

Which one of the following groups of symptoms is found in the early stages of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A

Multiple arthralgia and arthritis

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34
Q

Which one of the following groups of symptoms is found in the early stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Fatigue, anorexia, general aching and stiffness of joints

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35
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions does NOT involve a disorder of immunity?

A

Osteoarthritis

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36
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions is an autoimmune disease?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

37
Q

Which one of the following drug treatments is NOT used to treat RA?

A

Protyoglycans like glucosamine to repair cartilage and synovium damage

38
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions is a metabolic disease?

A

gout

39
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions is directly related to a skin disease?

A

Psoriatic Arthritis

40
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions develops destructive vascular granulation tissue known as Pannus?

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

41
Q

Which one of the following arthritic conditions is more common in men and produces unique inflammation where tendons and ligaments attach to bone?

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

42
Q

Which one of the following findings indicates the early presence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

A

Bilateral arthritic involvement of the fingers

43
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is FALSE?

A

RA is a mild joint disease indicated by a butterfly rash and soft tissue inflammation

44
Q

Which one of the following processes is caused by progressive swelling and thickening of the synovium in RA?

A

Stretching of the ligaments and joint capsule resulting in joint deformity and subluxation

45
Q

Which one of the following signs and/or symptoms indicates late stage OA rather than RA?

A

Bouchard’s nodes

46
Q

Which one of the following terms describes the pattern of altered alignment known as Genu varum?

A

Bowed legs

47
Q

Which one of the following terms describes the pattern of altered alignment known as Pes Planus?

A

Flat foot

48
Q

In which one of the following positions does a child sit when they have femoral anteversion?

A

Tailor position

49
Q

Which one of the following terms describes the pattern of altered alignment known as Genu valgum?

A

Knock-knee

50
Q

Which one of the following soft tissue laxities is the cause of Genu valgum?

A

Lax medial collateral ligaments

51
Q

Which one of the following abnormalities causes femoral torsion in children?

A

Increased laxity of the anterior capsule of the hip

52
Q

Which one of the following abnormalities causes toeing-in due to adduction of the forefoot in children?

A

Abnormal intrauterine position during fetal development

53
Q

Which one of the following types of torsion is normal in the first 6 years of life and commonly seen in girls?

A

Femoral anteversion

54
Q

Which one of the following positions does NOT contribute to torsional deformities in children?

A

Standing positions

55
Q

Which one of the following statements describes pes planus?

A

The absence of the longitudinal arch of the foot.

56
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding pes planus is FALSE?

A

Supple pes planus is the result of tight heel cords, cerebral palsy or Juvenile RA.

57
Q

Which one of the following is the etiology of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Defective synthesis of type 1 collagen

58
Q

Which one of the following groups of symptoms is found in Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Short stature, soft tin cranium, blue sclera, abnormal tooth development, hypotonic muscles

59
Q

Which one of the following series CORRECTLY describes the progression of events during osteochondroses?

A

Growth center undergoes degeneration, necrosis, regeneration and deformity

60
Q

Which one of the following anatomical structures does Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease affect?

A

Proximal femoral epiphysis

61
Q

Which one of the following anatomical structures does Osgood-Schlatter Disease affect?

A

Tibial tuberosity

62
Q

Which one of the following is a disorder of the growth plates?

A

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

63
Q

Which one of the following positions of the hip prevents deformity during Legg-Calve Perthes disease?

A

Abduction with mild internal rotation of the hip in the acetabulum

64
Q

Which one of the following is the objective in treating Osgood-Schlatter Disease?

A

To release tension in the quadriceps to permit revascularization of the bone.

65
Q

Which one of the following is the objective in treating Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

To prevent deformity and maintain function of the femoral head.

66
Q

Which one of the following is NOT an etiology of Osteopenia?

A

Osteonecrosis

67
Q

Which one of the following treatments is used to correct Club Foot Deformity?

A

On-going manipulations and casting to hold each change to gently alter the portions of the foot

68
Q

Which one of the following processes is the etiology of Osteomalacia?

A

Calcium and phosphate deficiency in adults

69
Q

Which one of the following boney changes occurs in Osteoporosis?

A

Brittle bones

70
Q

Which one of the following is the treatment for Rickets?

A

A balanced diet sufficient in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D

71
Q

Which one of the following processes is the etiology of Rickets?

A

Inadequate calcium absorption, impaired mineralization of bone and vitamin D deficiency in children

72
Q

Which one of the following is the first manifestation of Osteoporosis?

A

Skeletal fracture

73
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a factor in the development of Osteoporosis?

A

Phosphate levels

74
Q

Which one of the following statements describes the Female Athlete Triad?

A

A disorder pattern of eating that leads to amenorrhea and osteoporosis

75
Q

Which one of the following processes is the accepted pathogenesis of Osteoporosis?

A

An imbalance that allows bone resorption to exceed bone formation

76
Q

Which one of the following terms describes microbial infection when both the host and the infecting organism benefit from the relationship?

A

Mutualistic flora

77
Q

Which one of the following statements describes Virulence?

A

Disease producing potential of the invading microorganism.

78
Q

Which one of the following microbes is an obligate intracellular pathogen?

A

Virus

79
Q

Which one of the following microbes is capable of living outside the human host and forms large communities called biofilms?

A

Bacteria

80
Q

Which one of the following describes the appearance of Varicella?

A

Raised red vesicles that later dry and crust over

81
Q

Which one of the following skin diseases is a latent virus that travels along a sensory nerve and causes severe pain along the nerves distribution?

A

Herpes Zoster

82
Q

Which one of the following conditions is described as a neoplasm of the non-keratinized cells of the basal layer of the epidermis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

83
Q

Which one of the following statements regarding malignant melanoma is TRUE?

A

It begins as a variable coloured irregular bordered nevi or mole.

84
Q

Which one of the following statements concerning Rubeola is TRUE?

A

Rubeola appears as a rash that starts from the face and moves to the extremities.

85
Q

What term would describe a palpable lesion caused by edema deep in the dermis with erythema, variable blanching and itchiness?

A

A wheal

86
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

A

Rapid onset

87
Q

Which of the following types of adaptation describes a decrease in cell number?

A

Hypoplasia

88
Q

Which of the following events is a form of reversible cell injury/alteration?

A

Cellular Swelling

89
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of inflammation?

A

Chronic inflammation is long term and a consequence of poor healing

Module 8 theory (17 decks)

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