Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is preserved for posterior cord syndrome

A

motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves

A

calcarine sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory nerves originate in the ______ while motor nerves originate in ______

A

sensory: dorsal root ganglia
motor: anterior horn of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

reflex grade of 4+ indicates

A

very brisk/hyperactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the reflex that supports gaze stabilization through eye mnovement that counters movement of the head

A

VOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is lost below the LOI for spinal cord

A

motor function
pain
temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In incomplete lesion usually caused by step one, which produces hemisection of the spinal cord

A

Brown-Sequard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of patient would use the Berg balance scale

A

one at risk for falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment focus for Down Syndrome

A

Maximizing fitness stability
Maximizing respiratory function
Education for caregivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what strategy is elicited by a greater force, challenge, or perturbation through the pelvis and hips

A

hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

part of the brain responsible for emotional and social processing, involved with fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory, and formation of emotional memories

A

amygdyla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

part of the brain that coordinates movement and assists with maintaining balance

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is lordosis excessive for DMD

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spina bifida type:

Non-fusion of the spinous processes of a vertebrae, but spinal cord and meninges are intact (no associated disability)

A

Spina bifida occulta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what separates frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cells that cover the nerve fibers within the peripheral nervous system and form the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spina bifida type:

Presents with a cyst-like protrusion through the non-fused vertebrae (results in impairment)

A

Spina bifida cystica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a form of chorea that includes jerks of larger amplitudes

A

ballism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

is motor afferent or efferent

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what reflex allows for head/eye movement coordination

A

Vestibulaoocular Reflex (VOR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sensation: ability to identify exact location of light touch on the body using a verbal response or gesturing

A

localization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

brachioradialis tendon reflex

A

C5-C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Focus for treatment for Prader-Willi

A

Postural control
Exercise and fitness
Gross and fine motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sensation: squeeze the forearm or calf muscle

A

deep pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sex affected by Duschennes

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sensation: perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

A

barognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions that frequently causes twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements

A

dystonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

purpose of Dix-Hallpike test

A

to determine if patient has BPPV or central lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

sensation: identify a number drawn on the skin without visual input

A

graphesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what makes CSF

A

choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is anterior cord syndrome a complete or incomplete lesion

A

incomplete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cranial nerve order

A

OOOTTAFVGVAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

sensation: identify an object without sight

A

stereognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

brief, irregular contractions that are rapid

A

chorea

35
Q

part of brain that acts as a relay station for majority of info that goes to cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

36
Q

part of brain that secretes malatonin, circadian rhythm, and internal clock

A

epithalamus

37
Q

what two things does the subarachnoid space contain

A

CSF

circulatory system for cerebral cortex

38
Q

what separates the dura mater from subarachnoid space

A

subdural layer

39
Q

space between the skull and dura mater

A

epidural space

40
Q

slow, twisting, and writhing movements that are large in amplitude

A

athestosis

41
Q

MOI for anterior cord

A

flexion

42
Q

reflex grade of 1+ indicates

A

diminished/depressed response

43
Q

reflex grade of 3+ indicates

A

brisk/exaggerated response

44
Q

Herniation of the meninges and CSF into a sac that protrudes through the vertebral defect

Spinal cord remains in canal

A

Meningocele

45
Q

The inability to formulate an initial motor plan in sequenced tasks with the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

A

Ideational apraxia

46
Q

part of the brain responsible for voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses

A

basal ganglia

47
Q

Genetic condition diagnosed by physical attributes and patterns of behavior rather than genetic testing

A

Prader-Willi

48
Q

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements

A

termor

49
Q

part of the brain that acts as a large relay area for info passing from cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.. also a reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses

A

midbrain

50
Q

what meningeal layer forms the choroid plexus

A

pia mater

51
Q

A severe form of spina bifida cystica characterized by herniation of meninges, CSF, and spinal cord extending through the defect in the vertebrae

Cyst may or may not be covered by skin

A

Myelomeningocele

52
Q

Two types of spina bifida cystica

A

Meningocele

Myelomeningocele

53
Q

parts of the brain that control vital functions

A

pons and medulla oblongata

54
Q

reflex that attempts to stabilize the body and control movement

A

Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

55
Q

what is damaged in anterior cord syndrome

A

anterior part of spinal cord

anterior spinal artery

56
Q

part of brain that is important for regulating movements produced by skeletal muscles

A

subthalamus

57
Q

reflex grade of 0 indicates

A

no response

58
Q

achilles tendon reflex

A

S1-S2

59
Q

sensation: perceive touch through light pressure or use of a cotton ball

A

light touch

60
Q

ATNR stimulus and response

A

Head turned to one side

Arm and leg on face side extended

Back of head side flexed

61
Q

is sensory afferent or efferent

A

afferent

62
Q

A condition where a person plan some movement or task but cannot volitionally perform it

A

Ideomotor apraxia

63
Q

patellar tendon reflex

A

L3-L4

64
Q

biceps tendon reflex

A

C5-C6

65
Q

triceps tendon reflex

A

C6-C7

66
Q

What chromosome is affected with Down Syndrome

A

an extra 21

67
Q

what direction do muscle groups contract in ankle strategies

A

distal to proximal

68
Q

sudden, brief, repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals

A

tics

69
Q

gold standard for meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

70
Q

an extension of the cell body that receives signals from other neurons

A

dendrite

71
Q

sensation: identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

A

kinesthesia

72
Q

the Fugl-Meyer test is used for patients with…

A

hemiplegia

73
Q

MOI for central cord

A

hyperextension

74
Q

STNR stimulus and response

A

Head flexed/extended

Head flexed: arms flexed, legs extended

Head extended: arms extended, legs flexed

75
Q

part of brain that receives and integrates info from the ANS and assists in regulating hormones, controls hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and sleeping

A

hypothalamus

76
Q

reflex grade of 2+ indicates

A

active normal response

77
Q

sensation: perceive noxious stimulus using a pen cap, paper clip, or pin

A

superficial pain

78
Q

A caudal equina injury occurs below what level

A

L1

79
Q

part of brain responsible for forming and storing new memories of one’s personal history and other declarative memory

A

hippocampus

80
Q

what is the first strategy to be elicited by a small range and slow velocity perturbation when the feet are on the ground

A

ankle

81
Q

fissure that divides left and right hemisphere

A

medial longitudinal

82
Q

a projection of a nerve away from the cell body that conducts impulses

A

axons

83
Q

what direction to muscle groups contract in hip strategy

A

proximal to distal