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Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what is preserved for posterior cord syndrome

A

motor function

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2
Q

what separates the occipital lobe into superior and inferior halves

A

calcarine sulcus

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3
Q

sensory nerves originate in the ______ while motor nerves originate in ______

A

sensory: dorsal root ganglia
motor: anterior horn of spinal cord

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4
Q

reflex grade of 4+ indicates

A

very brisk/hyperactive

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5
Q

the reflex that supports gaze stabilization through eye mnovement that counters movement of the head

A

VOR

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6
Q

what is lost below the LOI for spinal cord

A

motor function
pain
temperature

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7
Q

In incomplete lesion usually caused by step one, which produces hemisection of the spinal cord

A

Brown-Sequard

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8
Q

what type of patient would use the Berg balance scale

A

one at risk for falling

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9
Q

Treatment focus for Down Syndrome

A

Maximizing fitness stability
Maximizing respiratory function
Education for caregivers

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10
Q

what strategy is elicited by a greater force, challenge, or perturbation through the pelvis and hips

A

hip

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11
Q

part of the brain responsible for emotional and social processing, involved with fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory, and formation of emotional memories

A

amygdyla

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12
Q

part of the brain that coordinates movement and assists with maintaining balance

A

cerebellum

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13
Q

Is lordosis excessive for DMD

A

Yes

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14
Q

Spina bifida type:

Non-fusion of the spinous processes of a vertebrae, but spinal cord and meninges are intact (no associated disability)

A

Spina bifida occulta

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15
Q

what separates frontal and parietal lobes

A

central sulcus

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16
Q

cells that cover the nerve fibers within the peripheral nervous system and form the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

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17
Q

Spina bifida type:

Presents with a cyst-like protrusion through the non-fused vertebrae (results in impairment)

A

Spina bifida cystica

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18
Q

a form of chorea that includes jerks of larger amplitudes

A

ballism

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19
Q

is motor afferent or efferent

A

efferent

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20
Q

what reflex allows for head/eye movement coordination

A

Vestibulaoocular Reflex (VOR)

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21
Q

sensation: ability to identify exact location of light touch on the body using a verbal response or gesturing

A

localization

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22
Q

brachioradialis tendon reflex

A

C5-C6

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23
Q

Focus for treatment for Prader-Willi

A

Postural control
Exercise and fitness
Gross and fine motor skills

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24
Q

sensation: squeeze the forearm or calf muscle

A

deep pain

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25
Q

Sex affected by Duschennes

A

Males

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26
Q

sensation: perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

A

barognosis

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27
Q

a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions that frequently causes twisting, abnormal postures, and repetitive movements

A

dystonia

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28
Q

purpose of Dix-Hallpike test

A

to determine if patient has BPPV or central lesion

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29
Q

sensation: identify a number drawn on the skin without visual input

A

graphesthesia

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30
Q

what makes CSF

A

choroid plexus

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31
Q

is anterior cord syndrome a complete or incomplete lesion

A

incomplete

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32
Q

Cranial nerve order

A

OOOTTAFVGVAH

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33
Q

sensation: identify an object without sight

A

stereognosis

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34
Q

brief, irregular contractions that are rapid

35
Q

part of brain that acts as a relay station for majority of info that goes to cerebral cortex

36
Q

part of brain that secretes malatonin, circadian rhythm, and internal clock

A

epithalamus

37
Q

what two things does the subarachnoid space contain

A

CSF

circulatory system for cerebral cortex

38
Q

what separates the dura mater from subarachnoid space

A

subdural layer

39
Q

space between the skull and dura mater

A

epidural space

40
Q

slow, twisting, and writhing movements that are large in amplitude

A

athestosis

41
Q

MOI for anterior cord

42
Q

reflex grade of 1+ indicates

A

diminished/depressed response

43
Q

reflex grade of 3+ indicates

A

brisk/exaggerated response

44
Q

Herniation of the meninges and CSF into a sac that protrudes through the vertebral defect

Spinal cord remains in canal

A

Meningocele

45
Q

The inability to formulate an initial motor plan in sequenced tasks with the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is impaired

A

Ideational apraxia

46
Q

part of the brain responsible for voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses

A

basal ganglia

47
Q

Genetic condition diagnosed by physical attributes and patterns of behavior rather than genetic testing

A

Prader-Willi

48
Q

involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements

49
Q

part of the brain that acts as a large relay area for info passing from cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.. also a reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses

50
Q

what meningeal layer forms the choroid plexus

51
Q

A severe form of spina bifida cystica characterized by herniation of meninges, CSF, and spinal cord extending through the defect in the vertebrae

Cyst may or may not be covered by skin

A

Myelomeningocele

52
Q

Two types of spina bifida cystica

A

Meningocele

Myelomeningocele

53
Q

parts of the brain that control vital functions

A

pons and medulla oblongata

54
Q

reflex that attempts to stabilize the body and control movement

A

Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

55
Q

what is damaged in anterior cord syndrome

A

anterior part of spinal cord

anterior spinal artery

56
Q

part of brain that is important for regulating movements produced by skeletal muscles

A

subthalamus

57
Q

reflex grade of 0 indicates

A

no response

58
Q

achilles tendon reflex

59
Q

sensation: perceive touch through light pressure or use of a cotton ball

A

light touch

60
Q

ATNR stimulus and response

A

Head turned to one side

Arm and leg on face side extended

Back of head side flexed

61
Q

is sensory afferent or efferent

62
Q

A condition where a person plan some movement or task but cannot volitionally perform it

A

Ideomotor apraxia

63
Q

patellar tendon reflex

64
Q

biceps tendon reflex

65
Q

triceps tendon reflex

66
Q

What chromosome is affected with Down Syndrome

A

an extra 21

67
Q

what direction do muscle groups contract in ankle strategies

A

distal to proximal

68
Q

sudden, brief, repetitive coordinated movements that occur at irregular intervals

69
Q

gold standard for meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

70
Q

an extension of the cell body that receives signals from other neurons

71
Q

sensation: identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

A

kinesthesia

72
Q

the Fugl-Meyer test is used for patients with…

A

hemiplegia

73
Q

MOI for central cord

A

hyperextension

74
Q

STNR stimulus and response

A

Head flexed/extended

Head flexed: arms flexed, legs extended

Head extended: arms extended, legs flexed

75
Q

part of brain that receives and integrates info from the ANS and assists in regulating hormones, controls hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and sleeping

A

hypothalamus

76
Q

reflex grade of 2+ indicates

A

active normal response

77
Q

sensation: perceive noxious stimulus using a pen cap, paper clip, or pin

A

superficial pain

78
Q

A caudal equina injury occurs below what level

79
Q

part of brain responsible for forming and storing new memories of one’s personal history and other declarative memory

A

hippocampus

80
Q

what is the first strategy to be elicited by a small range and slow velocity perturbation when the feet are on the ground

81
Q

fissure that divides left and right hemisphere

A

medial longitudinal

82
Q

a projection of a nerve away from the cell body that conducts impulses

83
Q

what direction to muscle groups contract in hip strategy

A

proximal to distal

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