Cardio 242-252 Flashcards
Rapid or irregular heartbeat with S3 or S4 heart sounds may indicate
Heart failure
COPD generally caused by
Long term smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
What is a heart murmur
Abnormal swishing or whooshing sound heard by auscultation during cardiac cycle
Angina that occurs due to coronary artery spasm most often associated with coronary artery disease
Prinzmetal (variant) angina
What is asthma
Chronic inflammation of the airways caused by an increased airway hypersensitivity to various stimuli
A condition in which the veins and valves in the lower extremities are damaged and can’t keep blood flowing toward the heart
Chronic venous insufficiency
In general, pulmonary edema occurs when…
when the LV can’t pump blood adequately
Three major players for atelectasis
Deep breathing
Changing positions
Airways clearance techniques
An early sign of hypertension is
S4 heart sound
A group of conditions that affect the myocardium, impairing the ability of the heart to contract and relax
Cardiomyopathy
The first goal of treatment for ARDS
Get oxygen into the lungs and organs
When fluid collects in the alveoli within the lungs, making it difficult to breathe
Pulmonary edema
What is endocarditis
Inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves
Angina that is more intense, lasts longer, is precipitated by less exertion, occurs spontaneously at rest
Unstable angina
Two main conditions that make up COPD
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
S&Ss of DVT
Swelling
Pain
Redness
Warmth
Vital capacity (VC)
Volume of change that occurs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration
The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atheromatous plaques resulting in diminished blood flow
Coronary artery disease
A transient precocial sensation of pressure or discomfort from myocardial ischemia
Angina pectoris
What causes endocarditis
Bacteria
A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery
Aneurysm
Stenosis, occlusive, and aneurysmal diseases of the aorta and peripheral arteries
Peripheral artery disease
General treatment and positioning for chronic venous insufficiency
Compression stockings
Elevation of the legs
Angina that occurs at a predictable level of exertion, exercise, or stress and responds to rest or nitroglycerin
Stable angina
4 signs of peripheral artery disease
Poor healing wounds of legs or feet
Distal hair loss
Tropic skin changes
Hypertrophic nails
What is COPD
Group of lung diseases that block airflow due to narrowing of the bronchial tree
What is ARDS
Sudden respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation in the alveoli
S&Ss of COPD
excessive mucous production
Chronic productive cough
Wheezing
SOB
What is pulmonary embolism
Where one or more arteries in the lungs becomes blocked
Tidal volume (TV)
Total volume inspired and expired with each breath during normal and quiet breathing
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal expiration
Residual volume (RV)
Volume of gas remaining in lungs at the end of maximum expiration
What type of disease is CF
autosomal recessive
Cardinal symptom of cor pulmonale
Progressive SOB, especially with exertion
A condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins, usually in the LEs
DVT
DVTs can result in ——- and why
Can result in pulmonary embolism
Because clot can break loose and travel to the lungs
Two meds used for asthma
Anti-inflammatory agents
Bronchodilator
A slow progressive accumulation of fatty plaques on the inter walls of arteries
Atherosclerosis
Atelectasis
Where one or more areas of the lungs collapse or do not inflate properly
Inflammation and weakness of the myocardium
Myocarditis
What Disease generally occurs in people who are already critically ill or who have significant injuries
ARDS
Medication types for DVT
Anto-coagulant
Thrombolytic agents
A rare, inherited condition caused by problems with the development of lymph vessels
Primary lymphedema
What is pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs
Any condition of procedure that damages or obstructs lymph nodes or vessels
Secondary lymphedema
What happens to patients with COPD in terms of lung volumes
Increased TLC
Significant increase in RV
Etiology of aneurysm
Weakness in the wall of the vessel due to chronic hypertension
Numbers associated with hypertension
over 140
over 90
What is cor pulmonale
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle caused by altered structure or function of the lungs
