Cardio 235-242 Flashcards

1
Q

5 accessory muscles of inspiration

A
SCM
scalenes 
Pec major
Pec minor 
Serrated anterior
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2
Q

Results of valsalva maneuver (intrathoracic pressure, venous pressure, venous return)

A

Increased intrathoracic pressure

Increased central venous pressure

Decreased venous return

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3
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped fro, the LV or RV per minute

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4
Q

What is inotropic effect

A

Sympathetic response causing chambers to have greater force of contraction

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5
Q

The vein that returns venous blood fro, the head, neck, and arms to right atrium

A

Superior vena cava

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6
Q

The veins that carry oxygenated blood fro, the right and left lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

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7
Q

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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8
Q

Forced expiration volume (FEV)

A

the maximal volume of air exhaled in a specified period of time

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9
Q

In general, what do the right chambers (RA, RV) do

A

Collect blood from the body and pump it to the lungs

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10
Q

A double-walled connective tissue sac that surrounds the outside of the heart and great vessels

A

Pericardium

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11
Q

Contraction of the external and internal intercostals cause

A

Ribs to elevate

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12
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm allows for…

A

Chest to expand longitudinally

Lower ribs elevate to allow for inspiration

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13
Q

Ultimately what happens to heart rate following valsalva

A

Decreases heart rate

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14
Q

What is preload

A

Tension in the ventricular wall at the end of diastole

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15
Q

What is visceral pleura

A

Membranous serous sac that covers each lung

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16
Q

A atomic dead space volume (VD)

A

the volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways

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17
Q

Expiration reserve volume (ERV)

A

maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after normal (tidal) exhalation

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18
Q

What is the left AV valve

A

Mitral

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19
Q

What is the right AV valve

A

Tricuspid

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20
Q

What covers each lung

A

Visceral Pleura

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21
Q

4 muscles for forceful expiration

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis

22
Q

How is parasympathetic influence achieved on the heart

A

Acetylcholine release from the vagus nerve

23
Q

The body’s largest artery and central conduit of blood from the heart to body

A

Aorta

24
Q

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

volume of air expired during a forced maximal expiration after a forced maximal inspiration

25
Q

In general, what do the left chambers (LA, LV) do

A

Collect blood fro, the lungs and pump it to the body

26
Q

What can CO get up to during exercise

A

25L/min

27
Q

The vein that returns venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium

A

Inferior vena cava

28
Q

Venous return must be equal to…

A

Cardiac output

29
Q

Normal CO at rest

A

4.5-5.0 L

30
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal exhalation

31
Q

The thick contractile middle layer of muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall

A

Myocardium

32
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration

33
Q

After load

A

Forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart

34
Q

What separates the parietal and visceral pleura

A

Serous fluid

35
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

The volume of air in lungs after normal exhalation

36
Q

The serous layer of pericardium

Contains epicardial coronal arteries and veins, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic

A

Epicardium

37
Q

What is the pleural tissue covering the inner surface of the chest wall, ribs, vertebrae, diaphragm, and mediastinum

A

Parietal pleura

38
Q

What does the mitral valve do

A

Controls blood flow between LA and LV

39
Q

Where does blood go after LV

A

aorta

40
Q

General muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals

41
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle

42
Q

How many lobes in the left lung

A

2

43
Q

How many lobes in the right lung

A

3

44
Q

The arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left and right lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

45
Q

What happens to the tricuspid valve when the RV contracts

A

It closes

46
Q

Normal SV ranges

A

60-80mL

47
Q

What happens when the pleural space contains air

A

Pneumothorax

48
Q

The tricuspid valve does what

A

Controls blood flow between RA and RV

49
Q

The endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves

A

Endocardium

50
Q

Venous return

A

Amount of blood that returns to the right atrium each minute