Cardio 235-242 Flashcards
5 accessory muscles of inspiration
SCM scalenes Pec major Pec minor Serrated anterior
Results of valsalva maneuver (intrathoracic pressure, venous pressure, venous return)
Increased intrathoracic pressure
Increased central venous pressure
Decreased venous return
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped fro, the LV or RV per minute
What is inotropic effect
Sympathetic response causing chambers to have greater force of contraction
The vein that returns venous blood fro, the head, neck, and arms to right atrium
Superior vena cava
The veins that carry oxygenated blood fro, the right and left lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
What is the normal pacemaker of the heart
SA node
Forced expiration volume (FEV)
the maximal volume of air exhaled in a specified period of time
In general, what do the right chambers (RA, RV) do
Collect blood from the body and pump it to the lungs
A double-walled connective tissue sac that surrounds the outside of the heart and great vessels
Pericardium
Contraction of the external and internal intercostals cause
Ribs to elevate
Contraction of the diaphragm allows for…
Chest to expand longitudinally
Lower ribs elevate to allow for inspiration
Ultimately what happens to heart rate following valsalva
Decreases heart rate
What is preload
Tension in the ventricular wall at the end of diastole
What is visceral pleura
Membranous serous sac that covers each lung
A atomic dead space volume (VD)
the volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways
Expiration reserve volume (ERV)
maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after normal (tidal) exhalation
What is the left AV valve
Mitral
What is the right AV valve
Tricuspid
What covers each lung
Visceral Pleura
4 muscles for forceful expiration
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
How is parasympathetic influence achieved on the heart
Acetylcholine release from the vagus nerve
The body’s largest artery and central conduit of blood from the heart to body
Aorta
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
volume of air expired during a forced maximal expiration after a forced maximal inspiration
In general, what do the left chambers (LA, LV) do
Collect blood fro, the lungs and pump it to the body
What can CO get up to during exercise
25L/min
The vein that returns venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium
Inferior vena cava
Venous return must be equal to…
Cardiac output
Normal CO at rest
4.5-5.0 L
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal exhalation
The thick contractile middle layer of muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall
Myocardium
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration
After load
Forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart
What separates the parietal and visceral pleura
Serous fluid
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
The volume of air in lungs after normal exhalation
The serous layer of pericardium
Contains epicardial coronal arteries and veins, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic
Epicardium
What is the pleural tissue covering the inner surface of the chest wall, ribs, vertebrae, diaphragm, and mediastinum
Parietal pleura
What does the mitral valve do
Controls blood flow between LA and LV
Where does blood go after LV
aorta
General muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Stroke volume
Volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle
How many lobes in the left lung
2
How many lobes in the right lung
3
The arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left and right lungs
Pulmonary arteries
What happens to the tricuspid valve when the RV contracts
It closes
Normal SV ranges
60-80mL
What happens when the pleural space contains air
Pneumothorax
The tricuspid valve does what
Controls blood flow between RA and RV
The endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves
Endocardium
Venous return
Amount of blood that returns to the right atrium each minute
