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Cardio 235-242 Flashcards

1
Q

5 accessory muscles of inspiration

A 
SCM
scalenes 
Pec major
Pec minor 
Serrated anterior
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2
Q

Results of valsalva maneuver (intrathoracic pressure, venous pressure, venous return)

A

Increased intrathoracic pressure

Increased central venous pressure

Decreased venous return

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3
Q

Cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped fro, the LV or RV per minute

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4
Q

What is inotropic effect

A

Sympathetic response causing chambers to have greater force of contraction

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5
Q

The vein that returns venous blood fro, the head, neck, and arms to right atrium

A

Superior vena cava

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6
Q

The veins that carry oxygenated blood fro, the right and left lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

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7
Q

What is the normal pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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8
Q

Forced expiration volume (FEV)

A

the maximal volume of air exhaled in a specified period of time

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9
Q

In general, what do the right chambers (RA, RV) do

A

Collect blood from the body and pump it to the lungs

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10
Q

A double-walled connective tissue sac that surrounds the outside of the heart and great vessels

A

Pericardium

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11
Q

Contraction of the external and internal intercostals cause

A

Ribs to elevate

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12
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm allows for…

A

Chest to expand longitudinally

Lower ribs elevate to allow for inspiration

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13
Q

Ultimately what happens to heart rate following valsalva

A

Decreases heart rate

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14
Q

What is preload

A

Tension in the ventricular wall at the end of diastole

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15
Q

What is visceral pleura

A

Membranous serous sac that covers each lung

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16
Q

A atomic dead space volume (VD)

A

the volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways

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17
Q

Expiration reserve volume (ERV)

A

maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after normal (tidal) exhalation

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18
Q

What is the left AV valve

A

Mitral

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19
Q

What is the right AV valve

A

Tricuspid

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20
Q

What covers each lung

A

Visceral Pleura

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21
Q

4 muscles for forceful expiration

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis

22
Q

How is parasympathetic influence achieved on the heart

A

Acetylcholine release from the vagus nerve

23
Q

The body’s largest artery and central conduit of blood from the heart to body

24
Q

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

A

volume of air expired during a forced maximal expiration after a forced maximal inspiration

25
In general, what do the left chambers (LA, LV) do
Collect blood fro, the lungs and pump it to the body
26
What can CO get up to during exercise
25L/min
27
The vein that returns venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium
Inferior vena cava
28
Venous return must be equal to...
Cardiac output
29
Normal CO at rest
4.5-5.0 L
30
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal exhalation
31
The thick contractile middle layer of muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall
Myocardium
32
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
The maximal volume of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration
33
After load
Forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart
34
What separates the parietal and visceral pleura
Serous fluid
35
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
The volume of air in lungs after normal exhalation
36
The serous layer of pericardium Contains epicardial coronal arteries and veins, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic
Epicardium
37
What is the pleural tissue covering the inner surface of the chest wall, ribs, vertebrae, diaphragm, and mediastinum
Parietal pleura
38
What does the mitral valve do
Controls blood flow between LA and LV
39
Where does blood go after LV
aorta
40
General muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm External intercostals Internal intercostals
41
Stroke volume
Volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle
42
How many lobes in the left lung
2
43
How many lobes in the right lung
3
44
The arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left and right lungs
Pulmonary arteries
45
What happens to the tricuspid valve when the RV contracts
It closes
46
Normal SV ranges
60-80mL
47
What happens when the pleural space contains air
Pneumothorax
48
The tricuspid valve does what
Controls blood flow between RA and RV
49
The endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves
Endocardium
50
Venous return
Amount of blood that returns to the right atrium each minute

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