Neuromuscular Flashcards
What part of the body produces CSF?
1) Choroid plexus of the lateral 3rd and 4th ventricle
2) ependymal lining of ventricular system
3) blood vessels in subarachnoid space
Is meningioma more invasive in dogs or cats, meaning that surgery is less likely to be curative
Dogs
Which chemo therapy agents can cross the BBB?
- nitrosoureas (glioma and meningioma)
- hydroxyurea (meningioma)
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis affects which part of the CNS?
Spinal cord, white matter
Which medication can be used to treat myasthenia gravis? Which class of medication?
Pyridostigmine (cholinesterase inhibitors)
Which muscle should be biopsied if you suspect polymyositis?
Vastus lateralis or biceps femoris
Note: this disease is seen in vizla and Newfoundland
Which part of the spinal segment does those reflexes test?
Patellar Biceps Triceps Withdrawal FL Withdrawal HL
Patellar - femoral nerve (L4-L7) Biceps (C8) Triceps - radial (C7-T2) Withdrawal FL - radial + ulnar (C6-T2) Withdrawal HL : lateral - sciatic (L6-S1) and medial - saphenous L4-L6
Treatment of hydrocephalus includes which surgical treatment?
Shunting the fluid from the lateral ventricle through the 3rd space
Which part of the brain is mostly affected by blood clots ?
Cerebellum > cerebrum > thalamus
Which condition can procarbazine be used for?
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis as it is specific for T cells and crosses the BBB
Which part of the brain is affected by Greyhound no suppurative meningoencephalitis, a condition usually seen in < 12 months old
Forebrain or brainstem
Which agents are most common in bacterial meningitis?
E.coli, klebsiella and streptococcus
Those medication can be use to treat which condition, which is often associated with a mutation in Hcrtr2 and can be diagnosed by measuring hypocretin 1 peptide sporadic form ?
Clomipramine, yohimbine (a antagonist) and venlafaxine (serotonin uptake inhibitor)
Narcolepsy
Which medication can be used for cognitive dysfunction?
Selegeline
What are the components of Horner’s syndrome
Miosis
Ptosis
Protrusion of third eyelid
Enophthalmos
What are the structures involved in Horner’s syndrome? How to differentiate pre and post ganglioni
Brainstem - T1-T3 (pre-ganglionic) - vagosympathetic trunk - post ganglionic (cranial cervical)
phenylephrine test - pre = mydriasis > 20 minutes and post = mydriasis < 20 minutes
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to central necrosis and hemorrhage?
Thiamine
Which disease is seen in older boxer and associated with a mutation in SOD1 ?
Degenerative myelopathy
Which agent is the most common cause of discospondylitis ?
Staph (aureus or pseudointermedius)
Which consequences does those substances have in common?
Heavy metals, nitrofurantoin, organophosphate, pyridoxine, vincristine, vinblastine and cisplatin
Neuro toxic
In patients with head trauma and increase ICP, which fluid is best? Which is the best anesthesia agent ? How to control pain? Should you hyperventilate?
Hypertonic saline if hypovolemia (BP goal of 90-100 mmHg), hypertonic saline or mannitol if euvolemia
IV propofol CRI
Fentanyl CRI
Normoventilation (PaCO2 35-40 mmHg)
Which medication can lead to acquired myasthenia gravis in cats?
Methimazole
