Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kin 322 > Neuromotor Basis For Motor Control > Flashcards

Neuromotor Basis For Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neuromotor system

A

Components of the CNS and PNS involved in control of coordinated movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parts of the neuron

A

Cell body (contains nucleus)
Dendrites (receive info)
Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Sensory
Interneuron
Motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Afferent (arriving at brain)
- send info to CNS from sensory receptors
Unipolar : 1 axon, no dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Motor neurons

A

Effferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alpha motor neurons

A

From spinal cord to extrafusal muscle fibers (skeletal muscle fibers contracting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gamma motor neurons

A

From spinal cord to intrafusal muscle fibers (specialized skeletal muscles for proprioception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interneurons

A
  • communication between neurons
  • within spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does an interneuron between afferent and efferent work

A

Sensory detects heat afferent - interneuron- efferent - muscle contracts withdraws finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 areas associated with motor control in brain

A

Diencephalon
Cerebrum
Brainstem
Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two halves of Cerebrum

A

Right and left cerebral hemispheres with corpus callosum between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the cerebrum covered by

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cortical lobes of the cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Location of the primary motor cortex

A

Anterior to central sulcus
Dorsal portion of frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of primary motor cortex

A
  • initiate and coordinate movements
  • control fine motor skills
  • control and learn postural coordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Location of somatosensory cortex

A

Posterior to central sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of somatosensory cortex

A
  • receive sensory info from body
  • association areas integrate cognitive, sensory and motor signals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Location of pre motor cortex

A

Frontal lobe, anterior to primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of pre motor cortex

A
  • organization of movements before initiation
  • involved in observational learning
  • selecting voluntary movements (simple)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Visuomotor neurons within premotor cortex that activate when observing movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Location of supplementary motor area (SMA)

A

Medial surface of frontal lobe anterior to portions of primary motor cortex (above premotor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of supplementary motor area

A
  • controls movement sequences
  • coordinates movement between limbs
  • controls posture
  • involved in control of complex movements
25
Q

Location of parietal lobe

A

Posterior to central sulcus
Anterior to occipital lobe

26
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A
  • perception of sensory input (taste, touch, temp, pain)
  • integration of sensory input with movement prep and execution (integration with premotor, primary motor and SMA cortexes before and during movement)
  • involved in speech production and language processing
27
Q

Location of basal ganglia

A

Below cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

Function of basal ganglia

A
  • manage voluntary movement (planning and initiation)
  • motor learning and adaptation
  • control size of movement
  • involved in cognition
29
Q

2 parts of diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

30
Q

Location of thalamus

A
  • superior to brainstem between cortex and midbrain
31
Q

Function of thalamus

A
  • relay station
  • involved in control of attention, mood, perception of pain, consciousness, sleep, alertness
  • connects with cortex and midbrain
32
Q

Location of hypothalamus

A
  • below thalamus
  • part of limbic system
33
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A
  • control of endocrine system and body homeostasis
34
Q

Two pathways of basal ganglia

A

Direct and indirect

35
Q

Direct pathway of basal ganglia

A
  • makes movement
  • facilitates movement by removing inhibition of thalamus
  • allows thalamus to be more active to transport signal to motor cortex then muscles
36
Q

Indirect pathway of basal ganglia

A
  • inhibits movements
  • prevents unwanted movement by increasing inhibition of thalamus
37
Q

Location of cerebellum

A
  • attached to brainstem
  • inferior to occipital lobe
38
Q

Function of cerebellum

A
  • control of smooth and accurate movements
  • motor learning
39
Q

What are the functions of cerebellum involving motor learning

A

Error detection and correction system
Eye-hand coordination, movement timing, and posture
Planning movement
Involved in speech production

40
Q

What is it called when a person has no cerebellum

A

Primary cerebellar a genesis

41
Q

What is affected by cerebellar a genesis

A

Walking and balance, speech and arm movements

42
Q

Why is their mild or moderate motor deficiency from primary cerebellar agenesis

A

Extra cerebellar motor system plasticity

43
Q

3 parts of brainstem involved in motor control

A

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Reticular formation

44
Q

Location of pons

A

Middle of brain stem

45
Q

Function of pons

A
  • bridge between cerebral cortex and cerebellum
  • involved in control of various body functions (chewing, bladder control, sleep cycles)
  • involved in balance control
46
Q

Location of medulla oblongata

A

Lowest portion of brain stem below pons

47
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A
  • regulatory center for internal physiologic process (breathing, heartbeat, BP)
  • cross over point for many neural pathways (tracts)
48
Q

Location of reticular formation

A

Throughout brainstem

49
Q

Function of reticular formation

A
  • integrates sensory and motor info
  • inhibits/excites neural signals to skeletal muscle
50
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease

A

Basal ganglia dysfunction
- decreased dopamine neurons in basal ganglia and formation of proteins
Progressive and terminal

51
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s

A

Unknown etiology

52
Q

Cardinal features of Parkinson’s

A
  1. Slow movements (bradykinesia)
  2. Resting tremor
  3. Rigidity (tight muscles)
  4. Postural instability
53
Q

Premotor symptoms of Parkinson’s

A
  • loss of smell
  • constipation
  • REM sleep behaviour disorder
  • can be ongoing for 5-15 years before motor symptoms
54
Q

Gait in Parkinson’s

A

Stiff, shuffling, slow
Lack of arm swing
Forward stooped posture
Festination during stopping
Freezing of gait

55
Q

Stroke

A

Damage to brain caused by an interruption to brains blood flow (aneurysm, blockage)

56
Q

Recovery from stroke includes

A

Natural recovery
Relearning skills (plasticity of CNS)
- depends on location of stroke

57
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease caused by inflammation and damage to the myelin covering nerves
- impairs communication between cells

58
Q

How is MS diagnosed

A

MRI

59
Q

Symptoms of MS

A

Fatigues
Weakness
Lack of coordination
Impaired sensation, vision, and bladder control
Cognitive changes
Mood changes

Kin 322 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions