Feedback Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of performance related feedback

A

Task-intrinsic feedback
Augmented feedback (extrinsic)

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2
Q

Task intrinsic feedback

A

Naturally occurring feedback-sensory-perceptual info that is natural part of performing skill
ex) see target, feel ball, hear swoosh, proprioception

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3
Q

Augmented feedback

A

Performance related info adding to or enhancing task intrinsic feedback
Ex) verbal, watching videos of oneself

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4
Q

Two forms of augmented feedback

A

Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance

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5
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Additional or enhanced info about the movement outcome or achievement of movement goal

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6
Q

Example of movement outcome

A

Shot was 5cm too long, knee was flexed 10 degrees too much

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7
Q

Example of achievement of movement goal

A

Shot missed, shot made

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8
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Additional or enhanced info about the movement characteristics leading to the performance outcome
Ex) didn’t bring club back far enough

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9
Q

Examples of task intrinsic senses

A

Visual, auditory, proprioceptive, tactile

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10
Q

How does augmented feedback enhance motor learning

A
  1. Facilitates achievement of action goal
  2. Motivates learner to continue with learning
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11
Q

Augmented feedback is essential if:

A
  1. Skill performance does not produce critical sensory feedback
  2. Injury/disease has removed sensory info
  3. Performer cannot use critical task-intrinsic feedback appropriately (young people)
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12
Q

When is augmented feedback not essential

A

Performance provides sufficient task-intrinsic feedback (enough sensory info)
- sometimes augmented is redundant and does not enhance learning

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13
Q

Augmented feedback can impair motor learning when:

A
  1. Task intrinsic feedback is minimal or difficult to interpret
  2. Augmented feedback is erroneous/incorrect
  3. Concurrent augmented feedback
  4. Augmented feedback is provided too frequently
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14
Q

What happens when task intrinsic feedback is minimal or difficult to interpret and augmented is used

A

Learner ends up substituting augmented for task-intrinsic

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15
Q

What happens when augmented feedback is incorrrect

A

Learners (especially early) will use augmented whether correct or not

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16
Q

Two types of timing of augmented feedback

A

Terminal vs concurrent

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17
Q

Terminal feedback

A

Augmented feedback is provided after the movement/performance attempt

18
Q

Concurrent augmented feedback

A

Provided during the movement/performance
- usually enhances task-intrinsic feedback

19
Q

When can concurrent feedback have a negative effect

A

If the performer becomes dependent on that type
- performance could be impaired if removed

20
Q

Which feedback is more beneficial for motor learning

A

Terminal

21
Q

How do you know if concurrent feedback will impair motor learning?

A

Informativeness - if instrinsic not informative and if augmented highly informative then lead to dependency on augmented
If distracts attention from critical task intrinsic it will have negative effect

22
Q

How do you know if concurrent feedback will enhance motor learning?

A

If it facilitates the learning of the critical task intrinsic feedback
- positive effect if it directs attention to critical task-intrinsic
- negative if distracts attention

23
Q

Why is reduced frequency of augmented feedback sometimes better

A

Because of the guidance hypothesis

24
Q

What is the guidance hypothesis

A

Feedback after every trial may lead to a different type of learning
Less frequent encourages different learning strategies like active problem solving and does not create a dependency
More errors more learning

25
Q

4 techniques to reduce augmented feedback

A
  1. Performance based bandwidths
  2. Yoking
  3. Self selected frequency
  4. Summary and averaged augmented feedback
26
Q

Performance bandwidth

A

A range of acceptable errors in which augmented feedback is not provided
- technique works best if performer know no KR means correct
- allows individual reduction of feedback frequency specific to the learner and their rate of learning

27
Q

Yoking

A

Pairing participants to recieve the same frequency of feedback but for different reasons
Ex) Participant 1a receives feedback based on 10% error based performance bandwidth, 1b is yoked to 1a and receives feedback on same trials regardless of performance

28
Q

Self selected frequency

A
  • learner only receives feedback upon their request
  • shown to enhance motor learning
  • less then 100%
29
Q

what is the enhanced learning from self selected frequency due to

A

Reduced frequency of feedback
- allows beginners to engage in problem solving
- motivation to keep practicing

30
Q

Summary and averaged augmented feedback

A
  • provide a list of info after certain number of trials
  • useful is feedback cannot be given after every trial
  • simples skills, longer summaries
  • complex skills, shorter summaries
31
Q

How does augmented feedback enhance motor learning

A

Improve rate of learning or level of performance beyond what is possible with only task-intrinsic

32
Q

What are 2 types of verbal KP

A

Descriptive or prescriptive

33
Q

Descriptive verbal KP

A

Describes the performance error

34
Q

What is prescriptive verbal KP

A

Identifies error and provides corrective info

35
Q

What is the best type of verbal KP

A

Depends on stage of learning
- beginners- prescriptive
- advanced- self correct using descriptive

36
Q

What does the effectiveness of video KP depend on

A

On the skill level of the performer
Beginners- expert evaluator to highlight critical info
Advanced- may not need extra info but benefit from an experts feedback

37
Q

What is more effective verbal or video KP

A

Video replay may be no more effective than verbal for components not easily seen

38
Q

Kinematic KP

A

Provides feedback about some aspect of the movement that is otherwise difficult to perceive

39
Q

What is the advantage of kinematic KP

A

Depends on skill being learned
- skills with clear task-intrinsic or well-known tasks may not benefit from extra info

40
Q

Biofeedback KP

A

Augmented form of task-intrinsic feedback related to the activity
- potential for dependence exists but overall effective in enhancing motor learning

41
Q

What should feedback consist of

A

Feedback about what was wrong is more helpful than what was right
- must balance because may not enhance motivation