neuromethods of decision making Flashcards
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what are the methods of analysing the brain
VBT
DTI
methods of analysing brain functioning
RSFC
resting state functional connectivitly
methods of neurostimulation
tDCS
transcranial direct current stimulation
what is grey matter
neuronal cells and unmyelinated no myelin sheath axons
what is white matter
myelinated axons - connectivity
how do MRI’s work
exploiting the magnetic properties of hydrogen in brain
hydrogen becomes aligned with magnetic field
radio frequency pulse is applied that resonate at frequency into the body
protons
when RF pulse ends - hydrogen returns to equilibrium
released energy absorbed by this picked up by detector in MRI scan
grey and white matter show up differently
what were the results of the London taxi driver study
significant increase in posterior hippocampus grey matter volume in taxi drivers
positive corrolation between time as taxi drivers and posterior hippocampus
what happens with diffusion tensor imaging - what matter integrity
analysis of brain connectivity
myelin content - made by oligonucleotides
breakdown of myelin results in disruptive connectivity
what does functional MRI allow
allows researchers to create images distinguishing between active/inactive regions in the brain
what does BOLD stand for
blood
oxygen
level
dependent
meassures
what does bold measures and assume
neural activity
assumes systemic relationship between reigns of varying activity during different processes
what is resting state FMRI
functional connectivity by correlating bold time series across different parts of the brain
if bold in different regions are similar means info has passed through them
highlights differences in brain activity
default mode network
orbitofrontal cortext
value based decision making
dorsal lateral prefrontal cortext
association with outcome motoring
anterior cingulate cortext
associated with error monitoring
what is the insula called
hidden island of addiction
what happens with a damaged insula
reduced cravings with smoking,
reduction in use of the gamblers fallacy
what stimuli does insula take
painful or aversive
what does it do
changes behaviours to avoid unpleasant stimuli or money loss
what is insula sensitive too
punishment
increase loss aversion leads too
reduced insula volume
lesions in insula associated with
cognitive distortion
what does the medial temporal lobe do MTL
anticipates reward or activates separate ares of MTL
how does the MTL update future decision making stratagies
encodes the memory of aversion outcomes
what happenes to a damaged MTL
impaired decision making on lowa gambeling task, outcome monitoring
optimal decision making
playing random is outside the bounds of human cognition
what is win stay behaviour
utilise strategies based on prior outcomes
what is reinforcement learning paradigms
individual update decision strategies incrementally on trail by trail bases with the aim to obtain rewards
what are reward outcomes associated with
behaviour statagies which seek to maximise reward probability and leads to repetitive successful choices
what novitiates changes in statagies
monetary loss
what does continuing to gamble happen
chance losses
increases risky decision making
use of aberrant decision making
what are the details of the human connectome project
mapping human brain,
PI,
1200 22-35
image types
structural and functional MRI data
institutions
what was the hypothesis for human connectome
significant corrolation between GMV of the insula and the MTL and lose-shift behaviour
what does reduction of MW do to task preformance
detrimental
increases WM integrity within healthy individuals associated with
cognitive control
creativity
action selection
global cognitive ability
association with cognitive abilities and decision competence
white matter structural aonnectivity
diffusion tensor image
94ppt from HCP
high and low groups
association between lose shift behaviour and white matter connectivity
