addiction of decision making

Question 1

what are the 3 main components of the addiction cycle

Answer 1

preoccupation-anticipation
binge intoxication
withdrawal-negative effect

Question 1

what is the allostasis by Koob 2001

Answer 1

process of maintaining apparent reward function stability by changes in brain reward mechanisms.

Question 2

what are the two type of drug seeking

Answer 2

goal direction
habitual

Question 3

how does goal direction work

Answer 3

stimulus - outcome - response

Question 4

habit system

Answer 4

stimulus - response

Question 5

what is the role of OFC

Answer 5

patterns of connection with areas for learning
use associative info to guide future decisions based on previous outcomes

Question 6

what damage to the OFC does

Answer 6

unable to guide behaviour appropriately based on consequences of their actions
bechara 1999

Question 7

who had a reduced OFC activation during acute withdrawal

Answer 7

cocaine and alcohol

Question 8

what did crombag 2005 find

Answer 8

prolonged exposure to addictive drugs results in repetitively results in long lasting brain changes

Question 9

how does the brain change through habitual drug taking ?

Answer 9

transition at the neural level from prefrontal
cortical to striatal control over drug-seeking and drug-
taking behaviours as well as a progression from ventral to
more dorsal domains of the striatum

Question 10

what does reduced dopamine cause

Answer 10

impulsive behaviour
loss of please in once pleasurable things

Question 11

experiment of rats (zapata 2010)

Answer 11

press lever for cocaine infusion and control
then devalued by daily extinction session
drugs then revalued

Question 12

experiment rat 1 results

Answer 12

cocaine seeking is sensitive to manipulation of devaluing and revaluing

Question 13

experiment rats 2

Answer 13

seeking altered by devaluing and revaluing
after long time cocaine becomes habit

Question 14

what does devaluation of outcome of drug seeking by extinction indicate

Answer 14

behaviour is goal directed

Question 15

what imbalance is in dual decision making

Answer 15

amygdala and reflective pre frontal cortex

Question 16

what was the smokers task

Answer 16

64 student smokers
outcome devalued by specific satiety or health warning

Question 17

results 1 of smoker task

Answer 17

choice of ciggs reduced by devaluation

Question 18

results 2 of smokers task

Answer 18

corrolation between dependence and behaviour during task
dependence measure and current choice task
upkeep of drugs with drug reward

Question 19

how do the results of smoker task support dual process theories

Answer 19

drug seeking is associated with greater preference for drug - suggesting sensitivity to rewards in addiction

Question 20

rats pre-impulsivity

Answer 20

> 10% had high anticipation before cocaine
self admitted high anticipation rats took higher less amount cocaine than non

Question 21

are there any genetic predisposition ?

Answer 21

heritiability 39-72% in twin study
first degree genes implicated

Question 22

what was the tasks Berlin 208 created

Answer 22

identify which 5 apertures have been illuminated
animal withholds response if they do seen as a failure

Question 23

what were the rats divided into

Answer 23

high vs low impulsivity

high vs low response

Question 24

results of rat task

Answer 24

hr rats show upward shift of cocaine use
hr more cocaine less amount

Question 25

what are the second pair of results

Answer 25

HI rats had higher addiction scores than LI rats
whereas
no difference in HR and LR rats

Question 26

what are the figures on relapsing

Answer 26

20-60%

Question 27

what did andioff 2016 suggest about relapse

Answer 27

the both tasks cannot significantly predict relapse status or time to relapse

Question 28

what do the tasks of andioff suggest

Answer 28

better IGT larger number of stimulus use days
worse WCST

Question 29

what deficits were found in 63% of iowa gambeling

Answer 29

VMPFC insensitivity to future positive consequences
and
thoes hypersensitive to reward