addiction of decision making Flashcards
learn
what are the 3 main components of the addiction cycle
preoccupation-anticipation
binge intoxication
withdrawal-negative effect
what is the allostasis by Koob 2001
process of maintaining apparent reward function stability by changes in brain reward mechanisms.
what are the two type of drug seeking
goal direction
habitual
how does goal direction work
stimulus - outcome - response
habit system
stimulus - response
what is the role of OFC
patterns of connection with areas for learning
use associative info to guide future decisions based on previous outcomes
what damage to the OFC does
unable to guide behaviour appropriately based on consequences of their actions
bechara 1999
who had a reduced OFC activation during acute withdrawal
cocaine and alcohol
what did crombag 2005 find
prolonged exposure to addictive drugs results in repetitively results in long lasting brain changes
how does the brain change through habitual drug taking ?
transition at the neural level from prefrontal
cortical to striatal control over drug-seeking and drug-
taking behaviours as well as a progression from ventral to
more dorsal domains of the striatum
what does reduced dopamine cause
impulsive behaviour
loss of please in once pleasurable things
experiment of rats (zapata 2010)
press lever for cocaine infusion and control
then devalued by daily extinction session
drugs then revalued
experiment rat 1 results
cocaine seeking is sensitive to manipulation of devaluing and revaluing
experiment rats 2
seeking altered by devaluing and revaluing
after long time cocaine becomes habit
what does devaluation of outcome of drug seeking by extinction indicate
behaviour is goal directed
what imbalance is in dual decision making
amygdala and reflective pre frontal cortex
what was the smokers task
64 student smokers
outcome devalued by specific satiety or health warning
results 1 of smoker task
choice of ciggs reduced by devaluation
results 2 of smokers task
corrolation between dependence and behaviour during task
dependence measure and current choice task
upkeep of drugs with drug reward
how do the results of smoker task support dual process theories
drug seeking is associated with greater preference for drug - suggesting sensitivity to rewards in addiction
rats pre-impulsivity
> 10% had high anticipation before cocaine
self admitted high anticipation rats took higher less amount cocaine than non
are there any genetic predisposition ?
heritiability 39-72% in twin study
first degree genes implicated
what was the tasks Berlin 208 created
identify which 5 apertures have been illuminated
animal withholds response if they do seen as a failure
what were the rats divided into
high vs low impulsivity
high vs low response
results of rat task
hr rats show upward shift of cocaine use
hr more cocaine less amount
what are the second pair of results
HI rats had higher addiction scores than LI rats
whereas
no difference in HR and LR rats
what are the figures on relapsing
20-60%
what did andioff 2016 suggest about relapse
the both tasks cannot significantly predict relapse status or time to relapse
what do the tasks of andioff suggest
better IGT larger number of stimulus use days
worse WCST
what deficits were found in 63% of iowa gambeling
VMPFC insensitivity to future positive consequences
and
thoes hypersensitive to reward
