morality Flashcards
what can change a persons morality
politics,
religion
culture
economics
what does the social learning approach say about morality
internalised social values
adults teach children about normas behaviour in rewards punishments
who created the social learning apprach
bandura 1991
what is cognitive development approach
humans need cognitive abilities to have morality Kohlber 1984
what does the cognitive development approach not explain
emotions and morality
why adults act childish
how morals reason immorality
situational factors
what further research needs doing
evolutionary approach
biological drive to act moral and punish those who dont
what did killen and smetana 2006 say about children
as kids become socialised and cognitive skills so improvements in morally relevant cognition
what are the moral processes that show inane morality
moral goodness,
evaluation,
retribution
what does it mean by moral goodness/ altruism
new borns show reactions to peoples suffering
infants use emotions with active prosocial behaviour
spontaneous primate relatives
what is moral understanding and evaluation
infants positively evaluate those who cooperate and negatively evaluate who don’t
Ham + Wyn + bloom
what is retribution
<2year old direct own antisocial behaviours appropriately
2011
define natural selection
animals with the best genes for survival within that area will pass gene on and weaker ones die out
morality and natural selection
animals liking groups were more likely to survive as it gave them food and protection,
people who had genes promoting group attachment would survive
what is the fundamental social dilemma
Although members
of a group can obtain a better life by cooperating with others than living solely,
they could gain even more rewards if they are able to live in these groups but give
less and take more
what is group selection
groups with stronger survival qualities would be more
likely to outcompete other groups and pass on their genes. On a group
level, morality allows groups to work together and achieve more.
how to secure group selection
people need to be able to resolve social dilemmas
and this can be done through inherent prosocial dispositions.
what 3 unselfish behaviours did Darwin say high functioning animals inhearit
obedience to authority,
cooperation,
altruism
what is meant by deference
bigger more dominant animal will be allowed more food befitting both party’s
how does deference benefit both party’s
weaker chimpanzees still benefited for leadership and dispute intervention
Haslam 1997
what does cooperation mean
members of society have predispositions to solve conflict in cooperative ways
examples of solving conflicts within cooperation
concrete reciprocity
indirect reciprocity
long term social investment
what is altruism
no strategist states that animals behave in ways showing that they would forgo their fitness for others
how do biological altruistic strategies can evolve in ?
sexual selection,
kin selection,
group selection
how would animals insure group selection
prosocial disposition by invoking tactics like begging, reward punishment approval an disgust through facial expressions
who cited the group seletion theory
de waals 1991
what role does emotions play in morality
moral judgement based on rationality
haidt 2012
what part does disgust play
deters us from dangerous activities
examples of disgust
repulsion to incest apart of inbreeding
leierman 2003
closer relatives more repulsion
kre 2018
women find incest more repulsive then men
what did a study show anger play
showed Hollywood clips
ppt displeased when injustice is forgiven
greater preference for clips where injustics was punished
example of moral anger
cheating evolved from punishing those who violate social contracts
group members that transgress less likely to survive
who did the study on anger and what year
haidt and sabini 2000
what does embarrassment play into morals
promote appeasement to submit
feeling guilty reduces behaviour
more likely in presence of higher status
haidt 2003
how does same affect morals
displaying shame minimises chances of revenge from dominant others lowering cost of perpetrate
how does guilt affect morals
when people feel they haven’t lived up their there obligation to others
stillwell 94
violation of communal relationships
haidt 2003
how does gratitude effect morals
benefactor has enhanced anothers wellbeing
reinforcing prosocial behaviours
larson 2001
