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judgement and decision making > detecting deception > Flashcards

detecting deception Flashcards

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1
Q

reasons for lying

A

avoidance
personal advantage
humour
pathological
harmful

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2
Q

how often do we lie hancock 2007

A

deception 14% emails sent
27% to their face
37% phone conversations

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3
Q

how much do we lie

A

hample ‘80 - married couples ie 1 put of 10 times with their partner

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4
Q

depaulo ‘96

A

college students lie to their mothers in half their conversations

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5
Q

zuckermans 1981 definition of deception

A

An act intended to foster in
another person a belief or
understanding that the deceiver
considers false

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6
Q

how well do people deceive others

A

trying = 45%-60%
average = 54&

law enforcement are more confident but score the same

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7
Q

what is the emotional perspective

A

liers experience emotions differently and can detect them

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8
Q

what are the 3 emotions within the perspective

A

apprihention
guilt
excitement

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9
Q

what is the cognitive load theory

A

lying is more cogntive demanding and show more cogitative load because of it
used with emotional perspective pearson 2020

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10
Q

cognitive load research aim

A

develop ways to increase cognitive load so they exhibit more cues

example - reverse order event recall vrij 2008

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11
Q

self presentational

A

liers give away by a direct result of their conscious attempt to appear honest

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12
Q

what does self presentation suggest about liars

A

less forthcoming,
less compelling,
less positive,
less tense

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13
Q

cues to deception

A

depaulo 2003
158 non and verbal cues
more tense
less cooperative
less compelling
less likely to admit they carnt remember

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14
Q

what is wrong with depaulo 2003

A

infrequent and unreliable
effect is small cohen’s d about 0.10

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15
Q

pre-scientific lie detectors

A

rice grain and powder - ancient china
hot iron - Arabia and Bengal
trail slice - catholic
dry mouth = lying

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16
Q

what is the history of polygraph 1914

A

benussi research into respatory cues

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17
Q

polygraph 1915

A

marston invents discontinuous systolic blood pressure test

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18
Q

polygraph 1921

A

Larson simultaneously measures continuous changes in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate

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19
Q

polygraph 1930

A

keeler creates first formatized testing procedure

relevant irrelevant questions

20
Q

polygraph 1936

A

summers paper on galvanic skin responce

measures weat production

21
Q

polygraph 1938

A

keeler added to GSR to larson polygraph

22
Q

what does the polygraph measure

A

cardiovascular activity
respiratory activity
electroderma activity

23
Q

what is the control question technique reid 1940

A

relevant - reletion on crime
irrelevant - no reverence
control - examins moral character

24
Q

phase 1 pre-examination interview

A

talk about crime,
how the test will go,
understand all the questions,
examiner can adjust the questions of crime

25
Q

phase 2 - examination

A

suspect wired to polygraph
questions pre-set

irrelevent questions - psychological state to baseline
relevent- guilty have to deney whilst innocent deny truthfully
control - probable lie question

26
Q

challenge of control questions

A

similar nature to crime

relevant question

comparable in every scene
independent to crime

27
Q

phase 3 evaluation

A

examiner compares magnitude of physiological response when answering relevant and irrelevant across 3 channels
guilty= stronger reaction to relevant question
non=stronger reaction to control question

28
Q

what theories are cited for the baises of CQT

A

arousal theories, like threat of punishment davis 1961

psychological set theory barland 1981

29
Q

what are the criticisms of cqt

A

no standardisation and has examiner intuition

individual differences with arousal of ans and blood glucose

30
Q

what does the CQT assume the innocent will be

A

honesty in response to relevant question

worried about the lies in control question resulting in different arousal patterns between liers and truth tellers

31
Q

what does BPS make of CQT criticisms

A

innocent person could be aroused answering questions because relevant question is emotional
or
when innocent examine experiences fear

32
Q

why is CQT used

A

alot of empirical up to quality standard data showing effectiveness

33
Q

accuracy estimates of CQT

A

guilty = 74-89%
innocent = 59-83%

34
Q

what is the bogus pipeline

A

describes the effect of being hooked up to a polygraph makes a person more likely to confess

35
Q

what is concealed information test (CIT) lykken 1959

A

testing for crime relevant detail using polygraphs

using a multiple choice format

36
Q

what is the orienting response

A

immidiate reaction to changes in a persons environment that is significant but dosent invoke flight or fight
develops at a young age posner 2000

37
Q

what happens during orienting response

A

cardiovascular changes,
increased breathing and electroderman activity
bradely 2011

38
Q

how to formulate CIT question

A
  1. find specific facts of crime
    2.detail has to be memorable
    3.create answers that could seem as a plausable answer
39
Q

administering the concealed information test (CIT) matsuda 2009

A

pre test interview
person wired up and had 30s between seconds

measuring psychological presences to correct answer

40
Q

why isnt CIT used anymore

A

polygraph has passed with CQT in mind

accuracy is higher.

concealed information rate = 76-84%
absence = 83-94%

41
Q

what is voice stress analysis

A

assumption that deceptive indiviuals will have measurable microtremors in vocal chords
cestaro ‘95

lab and feild studies have found it effective palmatier 9’6

42
Q

what is thermal imaging

A

measurs heat given off body with infared lights

some evidence but not enough for mass application
warmelink 2011

43
Q

what is p300

A

positive event related potentia 800 milliseonds after meaning full info is recognised within series of non important stimuli

44
Q

what are countermeasures

A

generate a fale negitive outcomes by reducing responces to significant stimuli

drugs innaffective as countermeassure to cqt lacono 1992

45
Q

what did honts 1994 say about counterballancing

A

both the CQT and CIT are
vulnerable to physical and mental countermeasures designed
to increase response to insignificant stimuli, but although
there is variance in the degree to which the different channels
are affected

judgement and decision making (12 decks)

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