Neurology Flashcards
A farmer calls you out to see a 4-year old lactating beef cow that has an acute history of “acting strange”. She seems manic and disoriented. She walks with a stiff gait and appears to have frequent muscle spasms. She is hyperexcitable and overreacts to even normal environmental noise. The farmer tells you she is kept on fescue pasture with several other heifers without any supplements. Two more lactating cows have started walking stiffly today too. Where is the lesion most likely to be in the first cow?
a. Cerebrum b. Spinal cord c. Brainstem/Cerebellum d. Peripheral nerves
c. Brainstem/Cerebellum?
In a flock problem of enzootic ataxia in lambs, the best course of action is to:
a. Supplement the lambs’ diet with copper
b. Supplement the lambs’ diet with molybdenum
c. Supplement the ewes’ diet with molybdenum
d. Examine copper, molybdenum, sulfur and iron levels in the ewes’ diet
d. Examine copper, molybdenum, sulfur and iron levels in the ewes’ diet
A 7-month old heifer presents with acute blindness, ataxia and dorsomedial strabismus. Attitude and appetite are normal.Which is the best treatment option?
a. Deworm with high doses of fenbendazole
b. Treat with high doses of penicillin
c. Supplement with parental thiamine
d. Supplement with selenium
Supplement with parental thiamine
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes typically results in microabscess formation in the_________.
a. Cerebrum
b. Spinal cord
c. Brainstem/Cerebellum
d. Peripheral nerves
c. Brainstem/Cerebellum
Clinical signs of causal occipital malformation syndrome in alpacas
Lethargy, reluctance to rise, anorexia, blindness, respiratory distress, absent menace in left eye, head held abnormally low and proprioceptive (CP) deficits in all 4 limbs
Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy most commonly results in dysfunction of which two cranial nerves?
a) CN II (optic) and CN III (oculomotor)
b) CN IV(trochlear) and CN VI (abducens)
c) CN VI (abducens) and CN VII (facial)
d) CN VII (facial) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
d) CN VII (facial) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
Which toxins is the main cause of clinical signs in animals with tetanus?
a) Fumosin B1
b) Tetanolysin
c) Tetanospamin
d) Non-spasmogenic toxin
c) Tetanospamin
Strabismus can result from dysfunction of which cranial nerves?
a) CN II (optic), CN III (oculomotor) and CN VI (trochlear)
b) CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear) and CN V (trigeminal)
c) CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear) and CN VI (abducens)
d) CN IV (trochlear), CN VI (abducens) and CN VII (facial)
c) CN III (oculomotor), CN IV (trochlear) and CN VI (abducens)
What breed are the next diseases most common on?
- cerebellar abiotrophy
- progressive ataxia
- demyelinating myelopathy
- neuraxial edema
- cerebellar abiotrophy - Arabian foals
- progressive ataxia - Charolais
- demyelinating myelopathy - Limousins
- neuraxial edema - polled Herefords
What are signs of forebrain injury?
Seizures, head pressing, compulsive walking, aggression or rage, inappropriate sexuality, circling or falling to the side.
Can include obtundation, and possibly coma or semicoma when diffuse.
What are signs of a cerebellar lesion?
(+-) Ataxia, changes in abduction or adduction, hypermetria, circling or falling to the side, (+-) head tilt, head tremors, opisthotonos, ventrolateral strabismus, vertical or rotatory nystagmus
What neurological disorder does copper deficiency cause and what are the neurological clinical signs?
Demyelination and pathological fractures of the vertebrae.
Signs are ataxia and recumbency
What neurological disorder does vit E deficiency cause and what are the neurological clinical signs?
Demyelination. Signs are ataxia and recumbency
What neurological disorder does vit A deficiency cause and what are the neurological clinical signs?
Encephalopathy. Signs are convulsions and blindness
What neurological disorder does magnesium deficiency cause and what are the neurological clinical signs?
Grass tetany, transport tetany and milk tremors. Signs are ataxia, convulsions and tremors.
