Drugs Flashcards
What is the spectrum of chloramphenicol?
Board: Gram +, Gram -, anaerobes
Name an alpha 2 receptor antagonist.
Atipamezole
What is the MOA of cephalopsorins?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
What is the MOA of ketoconazole?
Imidazole
Fungistatic
Inhibitis P450 = Decreased ergosterol synthesis = decreased fungal cell growth
Malassesize and dermatophytes
What is the MOA of metaclopramide?
Dopamine (D2) antagonist
Serotonin 5HT4 agonist
Increased GES tone, increased stomach emptying and increased motility in proximal SI
What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?
Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)
What are the common SE of digoxin?
GI (vomiting and anorexia) and Arryhthmias (ventricular bigeminy)
What is the MOA of dobutamine?
B1 adrenergic effects, Potent + inotrope = Activates adenyly cyclase and cAMP production
Name a gastroprotectant and how it works?
Sucralfate - Dissociated to Al(OH)3 + sucrose octasulfate = Binds to ulcerated tissue and inhibits pepsin, stimulates local PG synthesis
What is the MOA of ondansetron and where does it work?
Blocks 5-HT3 receptors
Cats - Vomiting Center in brain (central)
Dogs - GIT (peripheral)
What are heparin be reversed with?
Protamine
What is the MOA of furosemide?
Loop diuretic - Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter on thick ascending loop of Henle
= Loss of K+ Mg+ and C2+
Which diuretic can result in facial excoritation in 30% of cats?
Spironolactone
Which diuretic works in proximal tubule?
Carbonic anhydase inhibitor
In regards to Ca channel blockers what is the difference btwn DHPs and nonDHPs?
NonDHPs (Dilitazem) = Greater effect on nodal tissue and mycoardium
DHP (amlodipine) = Strong selectivity for vascular smooth muscle
Which antiemetic is preferred for renal failure in dogs?
Metoclopramide
Why is dobutamine effective for hours to days?
Downregulation of adrenergic receptors (B1)
What is the bracking effect of diuretics?
Decreased diuretic effect due to RASS activation
What is the MOA of low molecular weight heparin?
Shorter molecules - don’t bind thrombin
Inhibit Factor Xa
What are Class III antiarrhythmics?
K channel blockers = Sotalol, amiodarone
What is a thiazide diuretic and what is its MOA?
hydrochlorothiazide = Inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransporter in distal convoluted tubule
Enhance Ca2+ resorption
What receptors are located in the vestibular apparatus?
M
Cats - goes to vomiting center
Dogs = goes to CRTZ
Triggers by motion sickness
What is diuretic tolerance?
Increased Na absoprtion due to hypertrophy of distal nephron
What antiemetic can be used in many and varied used in dogs and cats?
Maropitant
What is chlorpheniramine?
Antihistamine
What is an example of a synthetic prostaglandin?
Misoprostol
What type of abx is cefovecin (Convenia)?
3rd generation cephalosporin
What are Class I antiarrhythmics?
Na Blockers
Quinidine, procainamide (shortens AP duration)
Lidocaine/mexilitine (prolongs AP duration)
What are in the inputs to the CRTZ?
Located in floor of 4th ventricle (area postrema)
Blood = Xylazine (Cat), apomorphine (dog), toxins, uremia, drugs
What is the MOA of fenbendazole?
Binds to nematode dimeric tubulin = Prevents cell divison = death
What are the main inputs to the vomiting center in the reticular formation in brain?
Cerebral cortex (anxiety, fear, etc)
Vestibular Apparatus (CATS ONLY)
GIT (vagus and sympatetic nn)
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (blood)
Name a 5-HT3 antagonist.
Ondansetron, Dolasetron
Which diuretic works in distal tubule?
Thiazides
Which antiemetic is a VERY effective centrally acting antiemetic in BOTH cats and dogs?
Chlorpromazine
Name an antifungal that can cross the BBB/B-CSF Barrier?
Fluconazole
Which ABX can cross blood -prostate barrier?
TMS, fluoroquinolones
What antiemetic is NOT good in cats for anti-vomiting but can be used to promote gastric motility in cats?
Metoclopramide
What is the MOA of terbinafine?
Allylamine antifungal
Fungicidal
Decreased ergosterol synthesis in cell membrane
Which heartworm medication can be used as microfilaridicide?
Milbemycin
What should be monitored with warfarin?
PT and INR
What is the difference btwn the different generations of cephalosporins?
Increased activity against Gram -, same Gram + coverage in all
What receptors are in the GIT?
NK1 and 5-HT3
What electrolytes are lost with loop diuretics?
Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, H
What is the MOA of fluconazole?
Triazole
Fungistatic
Inhibits P450 = Decreased ergosterol synthesis = decreased fungal cell growth
Which ACEi are prodrugs?
Enalapril and benazepril (Class 2)
What is the MOA of macrolides?
Binds to 50S ribosome = Blocks protein synthesis by interfering with peptidyltransferase
Tylosin (narrow spectrum)
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Which diuretic works in collecting ducts?
K+ sparing = Spironolactone
What is the MOA of metronidazole?
Intermediate product injures DNA = Kills organism
Which ABX can cross BBB/blood-CSF barrier?
Metronidazole, fluoroquinolones, chlormaphenicol, Trimethoprim
What is the MOA of lincosamides, name an example?
Binds to 50S ribosome = Blocks protein synthesis by interfering with peptidyltransferase
Clindamycin (narrow spectrum = G+, Mycoplasma, anaerobes)
What is the MOA of vancomycin?
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
What is MOA of hydromorphone in dogs?
H1 receptor agonist = Pro-emetic in dog