Neurology Flashcards
Infant in frog leg posture (type 1), tongue fasciculations
SMA
A disorder in posture and/or movement usually caused by non progressive insult to nervous system
Cerebral palsy
Werdnig Hoffman
SMA Type 1 (poorest prognosis)
Sparing of extraocular muscles despite hypotonia on traction & ventral suspension
SMA type 1
SMA mode of inheritance
Autosomal recessive (SMN 1 gene)
Spinal cord disorder that occurs segmental
Transverse myelopathy
Post infectious autoimmune disorder that occurs in spinal cord & affects upper motor neurons
Transverse myelitis
Post infectious autoimmune disorder that causes demyelination of the lower motor neuron (peripheral nerve)
Guillian Barre
Common ED presentation: can’t pee and can’t walk
Transverse myelitis
Areflexia
Peripheral nerve disease
Young boy with foot drop, trips all the time, areflexic, bad foot arch
Charcot Marie Tooth
Symmetric ascending poly neuropathy, calf pain, protein in CSF, areflexia
Guillian-Barre
What diagnostic study must you follow in Guillain-Barre?
Functional vital capacity
Tx for Guillian Barre
IVIG or plasmapheresis
Asymmetric neuropathy with wrist drop, anemia
Lead toxicity
Dx of myasthenia gravis
Tensilon test (edrophonium)
Gradual onset of hypotonia + constipation
Infant botulism
Muscular dystrophy that starts later and is more mild
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Normal newborn then develop Gowers sign
Duchenne
Failure of closure of anterior neural tube
Anencephaly
Associated with hairy patch, lipoma, skin color changes, dermal sinus. Syringomyelia, diastemetomyelia, tethered cord
Spinal bifida
What is chiari malformation associated with
Syringomyelia
Anteverted nostrils, prominent upper lip, micrognathia, lissencephaly, chromosome 17
Miller-Dieker
Agenesis of corpus callosum, infantile spasms, chorioretinal lacunes
Aicardi Syndrome (X-linked dominant). Happens in girls.
Most common reason for early hand dominance
Infarct or early ischemia
EBV, mycoplasma, campylobacter
Causes of GBS
Pendulum nystagmus, intermittent head tilt, nodding or titubating of the head
Spasms nutans (benign, transient)
