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Cardiology Flashcards

0
Q

Syndrome with coarctation of the aorta

A

Turner’s Syndrome

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1
Q

Syndrome with pulmonary stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome

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2
Q

Syndrome with truncus arteriosus

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

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3
Q

Snowman on CXR

A

TAPVR

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4
Q

CXR with wall to wall heart and cranial bruit

A

AVM - vein of Galen

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5
Q

Egg on a string on CXR

A

Transposition of great arteries

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6
Q

Large first born male

A

Transposition of great arteries

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7
Q

Most common cyanotic lesion

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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8
Q

Boot shaped heart on CXR

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

Syndromes with Tetralogy of Fallot

A

DiGeorge Syndrome and Down Syndrome

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10
Q

Syndrome with TAPVR infracardiac

A

Cat Eye Syndrome

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11
Q

Syndrome with Ebstein’s anomaly

A

Maternal lithium
ASD
WPW

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12
Q

CXR with wall to wall heart

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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13
Q

Most common form of CHD excluding bicuspid aortic valve

A

VSD

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14
Q

Diastolic rumble

A

Large VSD

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15
Q

Unrepaired VSD can lead to pulmonary HTN and this syndrome

A

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

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16
Q

Heart lesion associated with PDA

A

Congenital rubella

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17
Q

Continuous machinery murmur

A

PDA

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18
Q

Syndrome with AV Canal

A

Down Syndrome

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19
Q

Mid systolic click

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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20
Q

Fixed split S2

A

ASD

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21
Q

Syndrome with ASD

A

Holt Oram

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22
Q

CXR with rib notching or 3 sign

A

Coarctation of aorta

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23
Q

Opening snap

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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24
Q

Murmur radiates to suprasternal notch or carotids

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

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25
Q

Syndromes with bicuspid aortic valve

A

Turners Syndrome or Coarctation of Aorta

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26
Q

Syndrome with mitral valve prolapse

A

Marfan’s Syndrome

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27
Q

ECG with LVH

A

Aortic stenosis

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28
Q

ECG with RVH in neonate, LVH in child

A

Coarctation of Aorta

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29
Q

ECG with RVH and RAD

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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30
Q

ECG with superior QRS axis, LAD

A

AV Canal

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31
Q

Only cyanotic lesion in neonate with LAD/LVH

A

Tricuspid atresia

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32
Q

Tx of sick infant with SVT

A

D/C cardioversion 0.5-1 J/kg

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33
Q

Drug of choice for SVT

A

IV Adenosine

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34
Q

Delta wave on EKG

A

Wolff Parkinson White

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35
Q

Sawtooth pattern on EKG

A

Atrial flutter. Rate greater than 250 is common in children

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36
Q

Fibrillatory baseline and irregular heart rate

A

Atrial fibrillation

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37
Q

Dilatation and stretch of atrium

A

Think atrial flutter

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38
Q

Tx of atrial flutter

A

D/C cardioversion or slow AV node conduction with digoxin, beta blocker, or calcium channel blocker. Consider Coumadin if gone on for more than 24 hrs because of static blood flow and risk of dislodging clot

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39
Q

Wide QRS tachycardia

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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40
Q

Drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias

A

Amiodarone

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41
Q

Drop attacks

A

Torsades de Pointes

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42
Q

Normal QT interval

A

Less than 0.45 sec

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43
Q

AR, long QT, deafness

A

Jervell Lange Nielsen

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44
Q

AD, long QT, no deafness

A

Romano Ward

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45
Q

Tx for long QT

A

Tx to prevent torsades: Beta blocker, pacing, or automatic internal cardiac defibrillator

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46
Q

Tx of torsades

A

Magnesium sulfate, pacing, then shock

47
Q

Prolonged PR interval >200 msec

A

First degree heart block

48
Q

Changing PR intervals with some P waves are not conducted (dropped QRS)

A

Second degree heart block. Mobitz type 1. Wenckebach

49
Q

Equal PR intervals, some p waves are not conducted

A

2nd degree heart block, Mobitz type 2

50
Q

No apparent relationship between p waves and QRS

A

Third degree heart block

51
Q

Anti Ro and Anti La antibodies

A

Lupus. Causes congenital heart block from trans placental passage of maternal antibodies (IgG) directed against fetal conduction tissue

52
Q

Tx for heart block

53
Q

Heart defect seen in trisomy 21

A

AV canal, VSD

54
Q

Heart defect seen in XO

A

Coarctation of aorta

55
Q

Heart defect seen in trisomy 13 and 18

56
Q

Heart defect seen in 5p-

57
Q

Heart defect seen in 22q11-

A

Truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with VSD, tetralogy of Fallot.

Order FISH test for eval.

58
Q

Heart defect seen in Noonan

A

Pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

59
Q

Heart defect seen in Marfans

A

Aortic root dilatation/dissection

60
Q

Heart defect seen in Williams syndrome

A

Peripheral pulmonic stenosis, supravalvar aortic stenosis

61
Q

Heart defect seen in Holt Oram Syndrome

62
Q

Heart defect seen in Pompe’s disease

A

Cardiomyopathy

63
Q

Heart defect seen in lithium ingestion

A

Ebstein’s anomaly of TV

64
Q

Heart defect seen in ethanol ingestion

65
Q

Heart defect seen in anticonvulsant ingestion

A

PS, AS, TOF

66
Q

Heart defect seen in retinoic acid ingestion

A

Transposition

67
Q

Heart defect seen in rubella

68
Q

Heart defect seen in coxsackie B

A

Myocarditis

69
Q

Heart defect seen in maternal diabetes

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, TGV

70
Q

Heart defect seen in lupus

A

Congenital heart block

71
Q

Heart defect seen in PKU

A

VSD, ASD, complex CHD

72
Q

Shunts reveal themselves at

A

4 to 6 weeks of age

73
Q

Chronic increase in pulmonary blood flow causes irreversible pulmonary HTN

A

Eisenmenger Syndrome

74
Q

SOB, cyanosis, hemoptysis

A

Eisenmenger syndrome

75
Q

Single second heart sound

A

Pulmonary HTN

76
Q

Bounding pulses

77
Q

Continuous machinery murmur

78
Q

Closes PDA

A

Indomethacin

79
Q

Fixed split S2

80
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium Secundum

81
Q

EKG with left axis deviation

A

AV canal defect or Tricuspid Atresia

82
Q

If oxygen sat increases with 100% O2

A

Lung disease

83
Q

If oxygen sat does not change with 100% O2

A

Cardiac disease

84
Q

Name the 5 cyanotic heart diseases

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries
Tricuspid Atresia (and/or pulmonary atresia)
Truncus Arteriosus
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
85
Q

Clubbing of fingers and squatting older child

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

86
Q

Boot shaped heart on CXR

87
Q

EKG with RVH and RAD

88
Q

Tx for tet spell

A

O2, knee chest position, bicarb, morphine, neosynephrine

89
Q

Egg shaped heart on CXR

A

TGA. Often no murmur

90
Q

Small heart, pulmonary edema, intense cyanosis

A

Obstructed TAPVR (return goes below the diaphragm)

91
Q

Heart failure in first week of life

A

Obstruction to left heart flow

92
Q

CHF at 6 to 8 years of age

A

Myocarditis, rheumatic heart fever

93
Q

Thrill in suprasternal notch region

A

Aortic stenosis

94
Q

Who gets rheumatic fever following strep pharyngitis

A

3% of those affected

95
Q

Aschoff body on pathology

A

Acute rheumatic fever

96
Q

Major Jones criteria

A 
Joints (poly arthritis)
Carditis
Nodules (subcutaneous)
Erythema marginatum
Syndeham chorea
97
Q

Aschoff body on pathology

A

Acute rheumatic fever

98
Q

Tx of acute rheumatic fever

A

ASA 80-100 mg/kg +/- prednisone, digoxin

99
Q

Tx of chorea

A

Haloperidol, benzodiazepine

100
Q

Prevention of acute rheumatic fever

A

Monthly PCN G IM

101
Q

Lesions high risk for endocarditis

A

TOF, VSD, AS

102
Q

Two organisms that cause most endocarditis cases

A

Staph aureus and strep viridans

103
Q

Fever, new murmur, CHF, petechia, Roth spots, Janeway lesions, Soler nodes, splinter hemorrhages

A

Endocarditis

104
Q

Prosthetic cardiac valve, h/o endocarditis, unrepaired CYANOTIC CHD or completely repaired with prosthetic material if within 6 months of procedure, cardiac transplant recipients

A

SBE ppx for dental procedures

105
Q

Which procedures get SBE ppx?

A

Procedures on respiratory tract or infected skin

106
Q

5 days of fever plus 4 other features

107
Q

Cervical LAD, conjunctival injection, rash, hand and foot erythema, mucosal involvement

108
Q

Tx of Kawasaki

A

IVIG

High dose aspirin until fever and ESR decrease and platelets increase then low dose ASA

109
Q

Causes of viral myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B, echovirus

110
Q

JVD increasing with inspiration

A

Kussmaul (seen in pericarditis)

111
Q

Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, pulsus paradoxus, kussmaul

A

Pericarditis

112
Q

HOCM, anomalous left coronary artery, commotio cordis, aortic rupture in Marfans

A

Causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes

113
Q

Heart defect in maternal diabetes

A

Septal hypertrophy

114
Q

Bounding pulses

A

PDA, aortic insufficiency

Pediatrics (20 decks)

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