Cardiology Flashcards
0
Q
Syndrome with coarctation of the aorta
A
Turner’s Syndrome
1
Q
Syndrome with pulmonary stenosis
A
Noonan syndrome
2
Q
Syndrome with truncus arteriosus
A
DiGeorge Syndrome
3
Q
Snowman on CXR
A
TAPVR
4
Q
CXR with wall to wall heart and cranial bruit
A
AVM - vein of Galen
5
Q
Egg on a string on CXR
A
Transposition of great arteries
6
Q
Large first born male
A
Transposition of great arteries
7
Q
Most common cyanotic lesion
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
8
Q
Boot shaped heart on CXR
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
9
Q
Syndromes with Tetralogy of Fallot
A
DiGeorge Syndrome and Down Syndrome
10
Q
Syndrome with TAPVR infracardiac
A
Cat Eye Syndrome
11
Q
Syndrome with Ebstein’s anomaly
A
Maternal lithium
ASD
WPW
12
Q
CXR with wall to wall heart
A
Ebstein’s anomaly
13
Q
Most common form of CHD excluding bicuspid aortic valve
A
VSD
14
Q
Diastolic rumble
A
Large VSD
15
Q
Unrepaired VSD can lead to pulmonary HTN and this syndrome
A
Eisenmenger’s Syndrome
16
Q
Heart lesion associated with PDA
A
Congenital rubella
17
Q
Continuous machinery murmur
A
PDA
18
Q
Syndrome with AV Canal
A
Down Syndrome
19
Q
Mid systolic click
A
Mitral valve prolapse
20
Q
Fixed split S2
A
ASD
21
Q
Syndrome with ASD
A
Holt Oram
22
Q
CXR with rib notching or 3 sign
A
Coarctation of aorta
23
Q
Opening snap
A
Bicuspid aortic valve
24
Murmur radiates to suprasternal notch or carotids
Bicuspid aortic valve
25
Syndromes with bicuspid aortic valve
Turners Syndrome or Coarctation of Aorta
26
Syndrome with mitral valve prolapse
Marfan's Syndrome
27
ECG with LVH
Aortic stenosis
28
ECG with RVH in neonate, LVH in child
Coarctation of Aorta
29
ECG with RVH and RAD
Tetralogy of Fallot
30
ECG with superior QRS axis, LAD
AV Canal
31
Only cyanotic lesion in neonate with LAD/LVH
Tricuspid atresia
32
Tx of sick infant with SVT
D/C cardioversion 0.5-1 J/kg
33
Drug of choice for SVT
IV Adenosine
34
Delta wave on EKG
Wolff Parkinson White
35
Sawtooth pattern on EKG
Atrial flutter. Rate greater than 250 is common in children
36
Fibrillatory baseline and irregular heart rate
Atrial fibrillation
37
Dilatation and stretch of atrium
Think atrial flutter
38
Tx of atrial flutter
D/C cardioversion or slow AV node conduction with digoxin, beta blocker, or calcium channel blocker. Consider Coumadin if gone on for more than 24 hrs because of static blood flow and risk of dislodging clot
39
Wide QRS tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
40
Drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias
Amiodarone
41
Drop attacks
Torsades de Pointes
42
Normal QT interval
Less than 0.45 sec
43
AR, long QT, deafness
Jervell Lange Nielsen
44
AD, long QT, no deafness
Romano Ward
45
Tx for long QT
Tx to prevent torsades: Beta blocker, pacing, or automatic internal cardiac defibrillator
46
Tx of torsades
Magnesium sulfate, pacing, then shock
47
Prolonged PR interval >200 msec
First degree heart block
48
Changing PR intervals with some P waves are not conducted (dropped QRS)
Second degree heart block. Mobitz type 1. Wenckebach
49
Equal PR intervals, some p waves are not conducted
2nd degree heart block, Mobitz type 2
50
No apparent relationship between p waves and QRS
Third degree heart block
51
Anti Ro and Anti La antibodies
Lupus. Causes congenital heart block from trans placental passage of maternal antibodies (IgG) directed against fetal conduction tissue
52
Tx for heart block
Pacemaker
53
Heart defect seen in trisomy 21
AV canal, VSD
54
Heart defect seen in XO
Coarctation of aorta
55
Heart defect seen in trisomy 13 and 18
VSD
56
Heart defect seen in 5p-
VSD
57
Heart defect seen in 22q11-
Truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with VSD, tetralogy of Fallot.
Order FISH test for eval.
58
Heart defect seen in Noonan
Pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
59
Heart defect seen in Marfans
Aortic root dilatation/dissection
60
Heart defect seen in Williams syndrome
Peripheral pulmonic stenosis, supravalvar aortic stenosis
61
Heart defect seen in Holt Oram Syndrome
ASD, VSD
62
Heart defect seen in Pompe's disease
Cardiomyopathy
63
Heart defect seen in lithium ingestion
Ebstein's anomaly of TV
64
Heart defect seen in ethanol ingestion
ASD, VSD
65
Heart defect seen in anticonvulsant ingestion
PS, AS, TOF
66
Heart defect seen in retinoic acid ingestion
Transposition
67
Heart defect seen in rubella
PDA, PPS
68
Heart defect seen in coxsackie B
Myocarditis
69
Heart defect seen in maternal diabetes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, TGV
70
Heart defect seen in lupus
Congenital heart block
71
Heart defect seen in PKU
VSD, ASD, complex CHD
72
Shunts reveal themselves at
4 to 6 weeks of age
73
Chronic increase in pulmonary blood flow causes irreversible pulmonary HTN
Eisenmenger Syndrome
74
SOB, cyanosis, hemoptysis
Eisenmenger syndrome
75
Single second heart sound
Pulmonary HTN
76
Bounding pulses
PDA
77
Continuous machinery murmur
PDA
78
Closes PDA
Indomethacin
79
Fixed split S2
ASD
80
Most common type of ASD
Ostium Secundum
81
EKG with left axis deviation
AV canal defect or Tricuspid Atresia
82
If oxygen sat increases with 100% O2
Lung disease
83
If oxygen sat does not change with 100% O2
Cardiac disease
84
Name the 5 cyanotic heart diseases
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Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of Great Arteries
Tricuspid Atresia (and/or pulmonary atresia)
Truncus Arteriosus
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
```
85
Clubbing of fingers and squatting older child
Tetralogy of Fallot
86
Boot shaped heart on CXR
TOF
87
EKG with RVH and RAD
TOF
88
Tx for tet spell
O2, knee chest position, bicarb, morphine, neosynephrine
89
Egg shaped heart on CXR
TGA. Often no murmur
90
Small heart, pulmonary edema, intense cyanosis
Obstructed TAPVR (return goes below the diaphragm)
91
Heart failure in first week of life
Obstruction to left heart flow
92
CHF at 6 to 8 years of age
Myocarditis, rheumatic heart fever
93
Thrill in suprasternal notch region
Aortic stenosis
94
Who gets rheumatic fever following strep pharyngitis
3% of those affected
95
Aschoff body on pathology
Acute rheumatic fever
96
Major Jones criteria
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Joints (poly arthritis)
Carditis
Nodules (subcutaneous)
Erythema marginatum
Syndeham chorea
```
97
Aschoff body on pathology
Acute rheumatic fever
98
Tx of acute rheumatic fever
ASA 80-100 mg/kg +/- prednisone, digoxin
99
Tx of chorea
Haloperidol, benzodiazepine
100
Prevention of acute rheumatic fever
Monthly PCN G IM
101
Lesions high risk for endocarditis
TOF, VSD, AS
102
Two organisms that cause most endocarditis cases
Staph aureus and strep viridans
103
Fever, new murmur, CHF, petechia, Roth spots, Janeway lesions, Soler nodes, splinter hemorrhages
Endocarditis
104
Prosthetic cardiac valve, h/o endocarditis, unrepaired CYANOTIC CHD or completely repaired with prosthetic material if within 6 months of procedure, cardiac transplant recipients
SBE ppx for dental procedures
105
Which procedures get SBE ppx?
Procedures on respiratory tract or infected skin
106
5 days of fever plus 4 other features
Kawasakis
107
Cervical LAD, conjunctival injection, rash, hand and foot erythema, mucosal involvement
Kawasaki
108
Tx of Kawasaki
IVIG
| High dose aspirin until fever and ESR decrease and platelets increase then low dose ASA
109
Causes of viral myocarditis
Coxsackie B, echovirus
110
JVD increasing with inspiration
Kussmaul (seen in pericarditis)
111
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, pulsus paradoxus, kussmaul
Pericarditis
112
HOCM, anomalous left coronary artery, commotio cordis, aortic rupture in Marfans
Causes of sudden cardiac death in athletes
113
Heart defect in maternal diabetes
Septal hypertrophy
114
Bounding pulses
PDA, aortic insufficiency
