Nephrology

Question 0

Causes of pyuria other than bacterial UTI

Answer 0

• Viral UTI
• Glomerulonephritis
• TB
• Appendicitis

Question 1

X linked, hematuria and deafness is male

Answer 1

Alport’s Syndrome

Question 2

Causes of HTN

Answer 2

• Aortic coarctation
• Pheo
• CAH (11 beta and 17 hydroxylase)
• Hyperthyroid

Question 3

Renal artery stenosis or pheochromocytoma can be seen in

Answer 3

Neurofibromatosis

Question 4

Light haired light skinned child with Fanconi syndrome (RTA, glucosuria, phosphaturia)

Answer 4

Cystinosis

Question 5

Most common renal tumor in 2-5 years of age

Answer 5

Wilm’s Tumor

Question 6

AD, renal dysplasia and unilateral dysplasia, ear pits, hearing loss

Answer 6

Brachio-Oto-Renal (Bor Syndrome)

Question 7

Small posteriorly set ears, small chin, beaked nose, wide set eyes, pulmonary hypoplasia. From oligohydramnios & resulting compression

Answer 7

Potters Syndrome

Question 8

Absence of abdominal musculature, cryptorchidism, dilated urinary tract with dysplatic kidneys

Answer 8

Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 9

Dermal telangiectasia, glomerular involvement

Answer 9

Fabry’s Disease

Question 10

Wilma’s tumor, male pseudohermaphrodism, nephrotic syndrome

Answer 10

Drash Syndrome

Question 11

Absence of intrahepatic bike ducts, jaundice, various renal defects

Answer 11

Alagille Syndrome

Question 12

Aplasia of pectoralis muscle and renal aplasia

Answer 12

Poland Syndrome

Question 13

Renal angiomyolipomas

Answer 13

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 14

Hematuria, proteinuria, Glomerulonephritis, lower limb palpable purpurin

Answer 14

HSP

Question 15

Metabolic acidosis + urine pH above 6.0

Answer 15

RTA

Question 16

Calculation for osmolality

Answer 16

2Na + BUN/2.8 + Glucose/18. Normal is less than 10

Question 17

High osmol gap (above 20)

Answer 17

Consider alcohol poisoning (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol)

Question 18

Nephritis with low complement levels

Answer 18

Post infectious GN
Para infectious GN
MPGN
SLE Nephritis

Question 19

Most common cause of glomerular gross hematuria, typically asymptomatic, closely aligned with infection

Answer 19

IgA Nephropathy

Question 20

Clinical definition of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 20

Proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Edema

Question 21

Renal artery stenosis associated with:

Answer 21

IDM
Williams Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Turner’s Syndrome

Question 22

Viral hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 22

Adenovirus

Question 23

Most common agent to cause primary peritonitis

Answer 23

Strep pneumo

Question 24

No changes on light microscopy

Answer 24

MCNS

Question 25

Epithelial foot process efface meant on electron microscopy

Answer 25

MCNS

Question 26

Abx for strep may attenuate disease severity of post infectious GN BUT

Answer 26

Abx do not prevent development of GN

Question 27

Mesangial deposits of IgA

Answer 27

IgA Nephropathy

Question 28

Wt (kg) x Ht (cm). Square root of the answer. Divide by 60

Answer 28

Equals BSA

Question 29

Insensible water losses for child over 10 kg

Answer 29

500 ml/m^2

Question 30

Insensible water loss for child under 10 kg

Answer 30

40 ml/kg

Question 31

Diuretic that causes hearing loss

Answer 31

Furosemide