Endocrinology Flashcards
Positive Anti TPO and Anti Thyroglobulin ABs (attacking and killing the gland)
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Delayed relaxation phase of DTRs
Hypothyroidism
Positive TSH receptor antibodies (attacking and stimulating the gland)
Graves Hyperthyroidism
Sleep issues and poor school performance (ADHD like symptoms)
Graves disease
Can’t produce DHT from Testosterone which leads to undervirilized male
5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency
Caused by enzymatic block in cortisol production
CAH
Most common enzymatic block in CAH
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
Builds up in 11-Beta Hydroxylase deficiency
11-Desoxycortisol (DOC)
Causes hypertension in 11-Beta Hydroxylase deficiency
Build up of 11-Desoxycortisol
Excess of glucocorticoids
Cushing Syndrome
Big tongue, umbilical hernia, hypoglycemia
Beckwith Wiedemann
Four hormones that bring blood glucose up
- Epinephrine
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Growth Hormone
Increases calcium and decreases phosphorus
PTH
Increases absorption of both calcium and phosphorus. Decreases PTH
Vitamin D
Causes hypoparathyroidism
DiGeorge Syndrome
Pseudo hypoparathyroidism
Albrights Hereditary Osteodystrophy
Steroid hormones characterized by their influence on salt and water balances (e.g. Aldosterone)
Mineralcorticoids
Class of steroid hormones known for their role in the regulation of the metabolism of glucose and its synthesis in the adrenal cortex. (e.g. cortisol, hydrocortisone)
Glucocorticoid
Stones, bones (pain), groans (abd ulcers, nausea), and psychiatric moans
Symptoms of hypercalcemia
Work up for suspected growth hormone deficiency
1) Obtain bone age of hand/wrists
2) Check insulin like growth factors
Pseudo tumor cerebri, scoliosis, and SCFE are side effects of what tx?
Growth hormone
This syndrome is different that Turners syndrome in that:
1) Can affect boys and girls
2) Cardiac lesions are right sided
3) No renal defects
4) Infertility is less likely
Noonan Syndrome
Syndrome characterized by:
1) SGA
2) Limb asymmetry
3) Triangular head
4) Cryptorchidism
5) No catch up growth
Russell Silver Syndrome
First sign of puberty in girls
Thelarche (breast development). Boobs before pubs
Average age of menarche
12.4 years
First sign of puberty in boys
Testicular enlargement to 4 ccs
Boy with central precocious puberty
Think brain tumor
Cafe-au-lait, fibrous dysphasia, & precocious puberty
McCune Albright Syndrome
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism + anosmia
Kallmann syndrome
A child within first month of life with low blood glucose and bouncy eyes (nystagmus)
Consider septo optic dysplasia
Syndrome with:
1) FTT in infancy then hyperphagia
2) Hypotonia
3) Hypogonadism
4) Obesity
5) Developmental delay
6) Behavioral disorder
Prader Willi Syndrome
47XXY
Klinefelter Syndrome
Which type of diabetes is more genetically linked?
Type 2
From the DCCT trial, were retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, macroangiopathic events, and LDL increased, decreased, or the same with intensive vs. conventional therapy?
All were decreased in incidence
Drives glucose and K into cells
Insulin. (Put the K back into DKA by giving DKAers K)
Hypoglycemia leading to rebound hyperglycemia
Somogyi Phenomenon
Tx for Somogyi Phenomenon
Decrease nighttime long acting insulin
Hyperglycemia due to early AM growth growth hormone release
Dawn Phenomenon
Tx for Dawn Phenomenon?
Increase nighttime long acting insulin
Humalog (lispro) and Novolog (aspart)
Rapid acting insulin
NPH
Intermediate acting insulin
Lantus (Glargine) and Detemir
Long acting (basal) insulin
Insulin dosing for boards a split mixed dosing of 2 shots per day with combo of short and long acting insulin
2/3 daily dose in AM, 1/3 in PM
Each individual dose with 2/3 long acting and 1/3 short acting
How many hours a day of screen time can a child have?
2 hours
If obese at age six, what percentage chance do u have of being obese as an adult? What if obese at age 12?
25%. 75% chance at age 12
Most common complication of obesity
Low self esteem
Direct insulin action on the keratin layers of your skin from hyperinsulinemia
Acanthosis Nigricans
Single central tooth
Congenital hypopituitarism (growth hormone deficiency). If combined with optic nerve hypoplasia it is called septoptodysplasia
Micropenis
Congenital hypopituitarism (growth hormone deficiency)