Neurology

Question 1

What drugs are used for essential tremor?

Answer 1

Beat blockers: propaolol and anticonvulsant: topiramate

Question 2

What drugs are use in Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 2

L-dopa (decarboxylation of levodopa markedly increases the concentration of dopamine), amantadine (drug-induced extrapyrimadal side effects), selegeline and rasagaline (monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that works by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain), ropinirole and pramipexole (dopamine agonists), benzhexol (anticholinergic used in tremor dominant disease-side effects:memory disturbance and GI disturbance)

Question 3

In what bacterial meningitis would a lymphocyte predominant CSF pattern be seen?

Answer 3

Listeria

Question 4

Infarcts and visual field defects

Answer 4

Parietal- inferior homonymous quadrantopia
Temporal- superior homonymous quadrantopia

Question 5

What type of tremor is cerebellar tremor

Answer 5

Intention tremor

Question 6

What is another name for Pick’s Disease?

Answer 6

Frontotemporal dementia

Question 7

Wernicke’s encephalopathy vs Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 7

Korsakoff syndrome is an abnormal mental state in which memory and learning due to nutritional deficiency in thiamine seen in alcohol dependence
Wernicke’s encephalopathy presents with confusion, ataxia, nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia

Question 8

Retrograde vs antegrade amnesia

Answer 8

Anterograde amnesia
People with anterograde amnesia can’t form new memories, but they can still remember things from before they developed amnesia. Symptoms include forgetting conversations or events shortly after they happen, or forgetting the names and faces of people they met.
Retrograde amnesia
People with retrograde amnesia can’t recall memories from their past, including facts and general knowledge that they learned before the onset of amnesia. Symptoms include not being able to remember names, faces, places, dates, and other facts.

Question 9

What is syringomelia?

Answer 9

Development of a cyst in the spinal cord. Can be post-traumatic. present with central cord syndrome involving the anterior horn (lower motor neurons), spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature), dorsal tracts are usually spared but may become involved

Question 10

Types of seizures and presentation

Answer 10

Frontal lobe- prominent motor signs, speech arrest and dystonic posturing, laughing, crying
Parietal lobe- somatosensory phenomena
Occipital lobe- visual hallucinations
Temporal lobe- most common type of partial seizures. Staring, lip smacking and period of disorientation
Brainstem-myoclonus

Question 11

Wallenburg Syndrome

Answer 11

Ischemia in Posterior inferior cerebellar artery leading to decreased sensation to ipsilateral half of face and contralateral limbs, ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome, ipsilateral weakness of the soft palate and pharynx, rotatory vertigo

Question 12

Basilar artery stroke

Answer 12

motor and bulbar symptoms

Question 13

Internal Carotid stroke

Answer 13

transient monocular blindness, hemodynamically variable symptoms

Question 14

What does a basophilic adenoma produce?

Answer 14

ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH

Question 15

Where is a craniopharyngioma located?

Answer 15

Craniopharyngiomas most frequently arise in the pituitary stalk and project into the hypothalamus. he most common presenting symptoms are headache (55–86%), endocrine dysfunction (66–90%), and visual disturbances (37–68%). Headache is slowly progressive, dull, continuous, and positional; it becomes severe in most patients when endocrine symptoms become obvious.

Question 16

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Answer 16

ipsilateral weakness and loss of vibration and proprioception but contralateral loss of pain and temperature.
Causes penetrating injury to the spine, spinal tumor, infections, MS