Clinical Sciences

Question 1

Familial hypertriglyceridaemia

Answer 1

Autosomal dominant. High triglycerides, low cholesterol. Associated with metabolic syndrome and hyperuricaemia

Question 2

Dysbetaliporpoteinemia

Answer 2

Elevated triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 3

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 3

1. prophase- chromatin condenses into chromosomes preparing for division
2. Metaphase- the centromeres of the chromosomes align themselves along the metaphase plate
3. Anaphase- chromosomes break at centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell
4. Telophase- nuclear envelopes form around each nucleus of the daughter cells with reappearance of the nucleoli and unwinding of the chromosomes.

Interphase includes:
a. G1 phase - protein synthesis occurs
b. synthesis phase- cells duplicate its DNA
c. G2 phase- growth occurs in preparation for division

Question 4

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 4

Catastrophic CNS
Salicylates
Pregnancy
Decreased lung compliance (Interstitial lung disease)
Anxiety
Hepatic failure

Question 5

Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 5

Shift to right (decreased affinity)- more oxygen is delivered to tissues
higher temperature, pCO2
low pO2
lower pH (Bohr effect)
low HCO3
high 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)

Shift to left (higher affinity)
lower temperature, CO2
low 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
high pO2
higher pH
high HCO3