Miscellaneous

Question 1

What drugs increase bone mineral density

Answer 1

Estrogen replacement, calcitonin, PTH, Bisphosphonates

Question 2

Causes of short QT

Answer 2

Hypercalcaemia, hyperkalemia, Acidosis, Hyperthermia, Digoxin

Question 3

ECG changes in hypokalemia

Answer 3

PR prolongation, T wave flattening and inversion, ST depression

Question 4

ECG changes in hyperkalemia

Answer 4

Tall T waves, PR segment widening, flattening of P waves

Question 5

Type 2 vs type 1 error

Answer 5

Type 1 error (alpha) is stating that there is a difference when there is none (false positive)
Type 2 (beta) error denying a significant difference when there is one (false-negative)

Question 6

What cells does HIV bind to?

Answer 6

Initially bonds to t-helper cells (CD4) via the gp120 surface molecule it then binds to a co-receptor which is CCR5 or CXCR4.

Question 7

What tracers are used in PET imaging

Answer 7

Metomidate and fluorodopa are used in adrenal tumours
Flourodeoxygluxose is used for rapidly dividing cells such as in lung cancer

Question 8

Difference between rotator cuff injury and adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 8

Adhesive capsulitis is painful with all movements while rotator cuff is only painful on active movement

Question 9

ANOVA

Answer 9

compares the mean between groups