Clinical Pharmacology

Question 1

MOA of abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide

Answer 1

binds to the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing the binding of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and other adhesive molecules

Question 2

MOA of clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel

Answer 2

ADP antagonism

Question 3

MOA of aspirin

Answer 3

cyclo-oxegnase inhibitor

Question 4

MOA of dipyramidole

Answer 4

phsophodiesterase inhibitor

Question 5

What drugs cause intracranial hypertension?

Answer 5

tetracycline, amiodarone, OCP and withdrawal of corticosteroids

Question 6

Pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug, and Pharmacodynamics is the study of what the drug does to the body

Question 7

Which antibiotic increases risk of tendon rupture

Answer 7

Levofloxacin

Question 8

What side effect is noted with nitrofurantoin?

Answer 8

Acute pulmonary reaction

Question 9

CYP-2D6

Answer 9

TCA, Beta blockers, SSRI, Dihydrocodeine, Ecstacy

Question 10

CYP-2C8

Answer 10

Omeprazole, diazepam, barbiturates, dapsone(also 2C9)

Question 11

CYP-2C 18/19

Answer 11

omeprazole, diazepam, TCA, proguanil

Question 12

Carbimazole side effect

Answer 12

Agranulocytosis, Liver impairment

Question 13

Amiloride

Answer 13

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 14

Dihydropyrimidine vs non-dihydropyrimidine CCB

Answer 14

Dihydropyrimide (nifedipine and amlodipine) works on vessels while non-dihydropyridime works on hearts (diltiazem, verapamil)

Question 15

Why ACEi cause cough?

Answer 15

Accumulation of bradykinin in the lungs due to reduced formation of angiotensin II

Question 16

What antidepressant interacts with tyramine?

Answer 16

MAOI may cause hypertensive crisis due to increase sympathomimetic reactions of tyramine

Question 17

Side effect of ethambutol

Answer 17

Visual side effects- optic neuritis. All patients should have eye exams.

Question 18

Tb drugs and side effects

Answer 18

Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin-drug-induced hepatitis
Streptomycin- renal dysfunction, vestibular disturbance

Question 19

What is sumatriptan?

Answer 19

5HT1 agonist used in migraines

Question 20

What is cisapride

Answer 20

5HT2 agonists which is prokinetic and used in gastroparesis. May cause QT prolongation

Question 21

What are the uses of 5HT3 antagonist?

Answer 21

Antiemetics such as ondansetron, gransietron

Question 22

What is clomethiazole?

Answer 22

GAABA mimetic used in alcohol withdrawal

Question 23

What is chlorpromazine?

Answer 23

Phenothiazines. D2 antagonists used in schizophrenia

Question 24

What is chlordiazepoxide?

Answer 24

benzodiazepine that may be used in alcohol withdrawal

Question 25

What cancer does BCG treat?

Answer 25

It is live attenuated vaccine. It is 70-80% protective against severe infection. Protection lasts for 10-15 years. Bladder carcinoma in situ

Question 26

What antihypertensive causes pericarditis?

Answer 26

Hydralazine

Question 27

Drugs that prolong QT interval?

Answer 27

floroquinolones, erythromycin, citalopram (SSRI)

Question 28

Complications of bisphosphonate?

Answer 28

Esophageal perforation, osteonecrosis of the jaw

Question 29

What anti-HTN causes glucose intolerance?

Answer 29

Thiazide diuretics

Question 30

Donepezil

Answer 30

cholinesterase inhibitor potentiates the action of cholinergic neurons

Question 31

Antiretroviral and side effects

Answer 31

Zidovudine- anaemia
Lamivudine- skin rashes, peripheral neuropathy and arthralgia
Abacavir- idiosyncratic hypersensitivity HLA-B5701
Indinavir- renal stones

Question 32

Co-trimoxazole

Answer 32

SJS, anaemia, neutropenia

Question 33

Side effects of gliclazide (sulfonylurea)

Answer 33

weight gain and hypoglycemia

Question 34

Metformin class of drug

Answer 34

biguanide

Question 35

Side effects of pioglitazone

Answer 35

increased body mass, reduction in BMD, fluid retention