Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ECG findings of pericarditis?

A

widespread concave ST elevations in multiple leads.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) can help diagnose pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, by showing characteristic changes in the heart’s electrical activity:
Stage 1: Diffuse concave upward ST-segment elevation in most leads facing the epicardial surface (anterior, lateral, inferior) along with PR depression in most leads.
Stage 2: ST segments return to baseline, and T waves flatten.
Stage 3: T waves invert, and the ECG is otherwise normal.
Stage 4: The T waves return to the upright position, and the ECG returns to normal.

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2
Q

Causes of pericarditis

A

infections, inflammation etc
Viruses: cocksackie B virus (most common in developed world) adenovirus, influenza, echovirus
Tb (most common in developing world)

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3
Q

Murmur of ASD

A

split first and second heart sounds with an ejection systolic murmur when left to right shunt develops

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4
Q

ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Large QRS voltage, with t wave inversions and Q waves at times

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5
Q

What is Ewart’s sign?

A

cardiac tamponade leading to compression of the lingular lobe thus causing bronchial breathing at the left lung base

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6
Q

Features in atheroembolic disease

A

eosinophilia(uria), increased ESR, decreased complements

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