Cardiology Flashcards
What are the ECG findings of pericarditis?
widespread concave ST elevations in multiple leads.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) can help diagnose pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, by showing characteristic changes in the heart’s electrical activity:
Stage 1: Diffuse concave upward ST-segment elevation in most leads facing the epicardial surface (anterior, lateral, inferior) along with PR depression in most leads.
Stage 2: ST segments return to baseline, and T waves flatten.
Stage 3: T waves invert, and the ECG is otherwise normal.
Stage 4: The T waves return to the upright position, and the ECG returns to normal.
Causes of pericarditis
infections, inflammation etc
Viruses: cocksackie B virus (most common in developed world) adenovirus, influenza, echovirus
Tb (most common in developing world)
Murmur of ASD
split first and second heart sounds with an ejection systolic murmur when left to right shunt develops
ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Large QRS voltage, with t wave inversions and Q waves at times
What is Ewart’s sign?
cardiac tamponade leading to compression of the lingular lobe thus causing bronchial breathing at the left lung base
Features in atheroembolic disease
eosinophilia(uria), increased ESR, decreased complements