Neurology (16%) Flashcards
Difference thresholds:
• depend on the energy necessary to stimulate a sensory receptor.
• are measured in Judgmental Normal Differences.
• occur when we can detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus.
• occur when we can first detect some stimulus.
occur when we can detect the change in the intensity of a stimulus.
Which of the following neurological changes is NOT associated with Alzheimer disease? • Neurofibrillary tangles • Shrinkage of gyri • Presence of amyloid plaques • Increase in synapses
• Increase in synapses
Which of the following statements about the dura and meninges is incorrect?
• Pacchionian bodies are small arachnoid villi that allow the return of CSF to the vascular system
- Pia mater is delicate and firmly adherent to brain and spinal cord composed of flat cells and fibrous tissue. It closely follows the brain’s contour into the gyri and sulci
- Dura is formed by two layers in which the outer layer is the inner bones’ periostrum
- The dura is a tough fibrous tissue that covers the brain and has three dural infoldings, falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and sella diaphragm
• Pacchionian bodies are small arachnoid villi that allow the return of CSF to the vascular system
A patient with several sensory and motor abnormalities exhibits signs of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of increased sympathetic involvement? • construction of the pupils • rapid, shallow breathing • anxiety, distractibility • mottled, cold, shiny skin
• construction of the pupils
The major link between the brain and the glandular system is the: • pituitary • hypothalamus • midbrain • CNS
hypothalamus
This stage of synapse causes the opening of the sodium channels and sodium ions begin moving from outside to inside. • Production of Muscle Action Potential • Activation of Ach Receptors • Release of Ach Termination of the Ach Activity
• Activation of Ach Receptors
The junction between the muscle and the neural fiber that supplies it is called • ATP • Visceral • NMJ • FOG
• NMJ
What is the total possible score for the motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale? • 6 • 12 • 15 • 10
• 6
A client requires inclient chiropractic treatment after sustaining brain damage in a boating accident. Upon entering the client’s room, the chiropractor finds the client as shown in the image. What is the client’s most likely perceptual deficit? • diplopia • somatoagnosia • anosognosia • apraxia
• somatoagnosia
Which of the following is the most common form of cerebral palsy, affecting 70-80 percent of patients?
• Athetoid cerebral palsy
- Severe athetoid cerebral palsy
- Ataxic cerebral palsy
- Spastic cerebral palsy
• Spastic cerebral palsy
Which type of sensory testing is used to identify an object without sight?
• two point discrimination
• temperature
• stereognosis
• graphesthesia
• stereognosis
A male patient with a neurological disorder expresses that he is no longer able to differentiate between the taste of many foods on the front portion of his tongue. • cranial nerve IX • cranial nerve XII • cranial nerve I • cranial nerve VII
• cranial nerve VII
A chiropractor examines a patient with coordination deficits presenting with extraneous and excessive involuntary movements including hemiballismus. Based on this description the damage was done to the:
• cerebellum
- basal ganglia
- frontal lobe
- medulla oblongata
• basal ganglia
Which of the following type of cerebral palsy below is most likely to be seen in preterm infants?
• Spastic hemiplegia
- Spastic diplegia
- Choreoathetotic
- Spastic quadriplegia
• Spastic diplegia
Which structure would be most affected for a patient with a wound impacting the epidermis of the skin?
• arrector pili muscles
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- sebaceous glands
- melanocytes
• Meissner’s corpuscles
Which of the following impairments would most likely be observed for a patient that has a lesion in the posterior portion of the spinal cord?
• inability to distinguish between hot and cold
- inability to determine joint position
- inability to distinguish between dull and sharp
inability to feel any light touch
• inability to determine joint position
What is the primary neurotransmitter released from preganglionic autonomic fibers? • Calcium • Acetylcholine • Epinephrine • Serotonin
• Acetylcholine
Information picked up by the body’s receptor cells is termed • cognition • perception • adaptation • sensation
• sensation
Which one of the following statements regarding the autonomic nervous system is TRUE?
• autonomic fibres exit from the spinal cord via the dorsal root
• parasympathetic fibres arise from the thoracic and sacral spinal segments
• the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia are located close to the spine
• there are 25 ganglia in the parasympathetic paravertebral chain
• the sympathetic paravertebral ganglia are located close to the spine
Which patient does not have a specific localized cortical brain lesion?
• A 71-year-old woman with sudden unilateral loss of vision
• An 80-year-old man with sudden onset of hemiplegia
• A 30-year-old woman who reports Ilama walks by her a few times a week
• A 42-year-old man not able to identify a key put in his hand
An 80-year-old man with sudden onset of hemiplegia
Hemiparesis is defined as:
• the lose of the right and left half of the field of vision in both eyes
• A condition where a person plans a task but cannot volitionally perform it
• impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech
• A condition of weakness on one side of the body
A condition of weakness on one side of the body
What type of sensory testing occurs when using a cotton ball applied to the skin of a patient?
• proprioception
- light touch
- vibration
- deep pain
• light touch
Which gait pattern is characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase?
• steppage
- tabetic
- circumduction
- scissor
• circumduction
Which degree of nerve injury is considered when all layers of the nerve is damaged? • none of the options • 2nd degree • 1st degree • 3rd degree
• 3rd degree
Where in the brainstem would the lesion be found for a patient with contralateral hemiplegia also involving the lower face, ipsilateral oculomotor paresis, ptosis, and dilated pupils? • Dorsal midbrain • Medial medulla • Ventral midbrain • Lateral medulla
• Ventral midbrain
Which of the following is a diagnostic characteristic of Parkinson disease?
• Hemiparesis
- Resting tremor
- Memory loss
- Sensory deficits
• Resting tremor
Which of the following is defined as nerve pain? • bursitis • tendinitis • neuralgia • neuritis
• neuralgia
Early detection of Alzheimer dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by MRI is most supported by which of the following findings? • Hydrocephalus ex vacuo • Hippocampal atrophy • diffuse cortical atrophy • Enlargement of ventricular system
• Hippocampal atrophy
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson disease would be appropriate for which of the following patients?
• A patient who has idiopathic, levodopa-responsive Parkinsonism and dyskinesias and disabling medication induced motor fluctuations
• A patient who has dyskinesia and disabling medication resistant motor fluctuations who is 55
• A patient who has idiopathic, levodopa-resistant atypical Parkinsonism who is 36-years-old
• A patient who has idiopathic, levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism and dyskinesia and disabling medication resistant motor fluctuations who is 39 years old
• A patient who has idiopathic, levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism and dyskinesia and disabling medication resistant motor fluctuations who is 39 years old
A 42-year-old male undergoes a brain MRI demonstrating a type I Chiari malformation. Which symptom would most likely be related to this finding? • Gait unsteadiness • Seizures • Intractable headaches • Neck pain
• Gait unsteadiness
which neurotransmitter is in the neuro muscular junction NA Ach dopamine serotonin
Acetylcholine
