2018 Flashcards
Lesion of Cranial nerve X : where does it exit, where is the lesion
exits brain from behind the olive in the medulla oblongata and leaves through the jugular foramen
What skull fracture is often associated with a lesion of the middle meningeal artery ?
the temporal bone at the pterion
What substances make up the plaques in atherosclerosis
cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin
What bacteria cause meningitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (airborne) Group B Streptococcus Neisseria meningitidis (salivary fluid) (teens) Haemophilus influenzae Listeria monocytogenes
What creates the need to increase dosage for the same effect of a drug over time
desensitization of receptors
What are the infra-hyoid muscles
Thryohyoid
sternothryoid
sternohyoid
omohyoid (lateral)
Patient who exercises a lot and eats little. What is this patients energy source
gluconeogenesis (after glycolysis)
4 year old with fever, headache and stiff neck. Her right leg has a flaccid paralysis. What is the cause
meningitis ? ventral horn lesion (in review notes)
What nerve innervates temporal and masseter muscles
mandibular nerve (V3)
during cervical rotation which articulation will stop you from checking your blindspot
C1-C2
microcytic anemia hypochrome : how is the blood cell
small and colourless
Elbow pain when removing backpack and putting it on the table. what type of contraction is responsible for the pain
eccentric contraction
Where is the cell body of the superior gluteal nerve
Ventral horn : sacral plexus L4/L5/S1
a patient arrives with calf pain with tension in the leg and has a severe pulmonary infection. You refer him with suspicion of what
pulmonary embolism
What is the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirine)
reduce production of prostaglandines and thromboxine by COX enzyme
Child with a sore throat and then headache, neck stiffness and fever. What bacteria is the cause.
Streptococcus B
What facilitates iron absorption
Vitamin C
cholesterol is a precursor of what vitamine
Vitamin D
Patient with back pain does SLR with leg straight which causes pain and then with external rotation which doesn’t cause pain. explain
piriformis ?
which sections of the sarcomere contract during muscle contraction
A band : same (length of thick filament)
Z line : same
H-zone : narrows and dissapears (thick filament only)
I band : contracts (thin filament only)
abdominal lesion to the left that hurts during left rotation which muscle is hurt
internal oblique
a kid played video games all weekend and can no longer extend his thumb, what muscle is involved
long abductor
what innervates facet joints and disks
medial branch of the dorsal ramus
What innervates disks?
sinuvertebral nerves
Punch out lesions in a elderly patient’s spine. What will we find on their blood test
Bence jones proteins (multiple myeloma)
What nerve innervates arm extensors
C6-C7-C8 ?? c7-c8 or c6-c7
benign pancreatic tumor on the islets can cause what
increased insuline secretion
Sympathetic ganglia T10, which nerve
Lesser splanchnic nerve
least splanchnic T12, Greater T5-9
If you have a complete lesion of a root, what symptom
anesthesia. (no sensation whatsoever.
What to do when you have kidney stones
drink lots of water.
medial elbow injury, what nerve could be injured
ulnar
how can you transmit a meningitis
kissing, airborne droplets
patient with trouble abducting and externally rotation arm. there is a lesion of the transverse scapular ligament, what nerve could be injured
suprascapular nerve.
What pathways could be interrupted with a tumour in the internal capsule
corticospinal, spino-thalamic, dorsal column/ lemniscal
what could occur in children if mother doesnt eat enough green vegetables
B9 deficiency, spina bifida
what causes benign prostate hyperplasia
proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells
what foods can increase risk of kidney stones
beets, rhubarb spinach, seafood, salt
horizontal nystagmus is caused by what
vestibular system
finger-nose test is positive for what syndrome
cerebellar
what movement is more present in the lower thoracics then in the upper
flexion
patient with numbness in the leg but neural exam is normal. what is it
paresthesia
MVA motor vehicle accident a few months ago and has many symptoms, how are these symptoms described
somatoform/psychosomatic
patient with torn infraspinatous and teres minor what would you see
less compression of humerus in glenohumeral joint and preferential internal rotation lack of external
what natural supplement to diminish inflammation in the hips
curcumin
you were doing subscapular work and hit a nerve that sent tingling into the patients 4th and 5th fingers. which nerve was it
ulnar
what type of epithelium is in the duodenum
simple columnar
complete extension of the knee is limited by what muscle
triceps surae (calf muscles)
you’re in a vehicle that
movement of cristals in semi-circular canal
1 year old starts walking, mom sees the spine change at what level
lumbar
mom does a 30 week ultrasound, what developpement can be observes
differentiation of sexual organs
traumatic birthing, lesion of the brachial plexus the baby can’t lift arm above shoulder height, what nerve is injured
musculo-cutaneous
taste of the back 3rd of the tongue is given by what nerve
IX glossopharngeal
glossodynia is a deficit in what
estrogen/progesterone
primary lumbo-pelvic stabilizing muscles
psoas
macrocytic anemia with fatigue. what vitamine should you give them
cobalamine (B12)
What ion is responable for allowing neurotrasmitters into the neuromuscular junction
Ca 2+
lady with car accident three weeks ago, stick neck, sore butt, fatigue, has stopped all activity because she doesn
her attitude.
older lady with a rock in her shoe that created a lesion on the bottom of her second toe, she didn
diabetic neuropathy of plantar nerves.
you get numbness if you sit in the leg after sitting in a certain position. what type of nerve lesion is this
neuropraxia
best muscle for retracting the scapula
rhomboids
squat, what type of kinetic chain
closed
a kid scraped his hip playing we suspect an infection and took an xray but see nothing. after how long could we expect signs to show after symptoms arise
5-14 days
numbness in first three fingers and tinel carpien test positive what type of structure is dammaged
neurological
A woman wants to become pregnant and she asks what supplement to take
B9- folic acid
in what for is C02 in the blood
bicarbonate
what portion of the vertebral artery has a 90 degree angle
C1 superior
person with lactose intolerance should eat what to maintain calcium levels
almonds
patient with long limbs and hyperflexible joints and stretchy skin, what type of disease do they have
genetic
Membrane that perceives sound and the thickening causes deafness
basilar membrane
Older patient with pulmonary consolidation : what is the cause
tumor ?
what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
rhomboid, levator scap,
What is the I band formed of
actine only
what muscles perform protraction of the mandible
external pterygoid/masseter
What contains omega 3
cachew, fish, oils
volleyball player, pain during flexion and right rotation.. which abdominal muscle hurts
Right internal oblique.
how many polypeptide subunits to collagen are there
3
what happens when you stretch muscle spindles ?
golgi tendons ?
muscle spindles activate muscle, golgi tendon inhibit
what is the mechanism of thickening of the ligamenta flava
change of elastic fibers to collagen
