2017 Flashcards
1
Q
How are sodium ions transported in the body
A
bile? protein transporters
2
Q
what nerve can be severed during a mastectomy
A
long thoracic ? (from the options)
3
Q
where is the origin of the short head of the biceps
A
coracoid process
4
Q
if teres minor is injured, what other muscle will usually be injured as well
A
infra-spinatous
5
Q
what muscle causes pain upon lateral flexion of the head
A
longissimus capitis
6
Q
what is a viral capsid
A
it is a protein capsule around the virus DNA/RNA
7
Q
what effect does the liberation of norepinephrine have?
A
vasoconstriction, increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose
8
Q
Types of lever
A
Class 1 : fulcrum in center, advantage depending on distance from fulcrum
Class 2 : advantage, resistance in center
Class 3 : disadvantage, effort in center
9
Q
which immunoglobin is involved in allergies
A
IgE
10
Q
why do doctors put droplets in babies eyes
A
prevention des infections
11
Q
confused patient enters office, doesn’t remember where she is or your secretary
A
dementia
12
Q
an osteoporotic woman walks into your office, what food do you recommend to fill a vitamin deficiency
A
sardines: calcium+vit D + phosphorus zinc.
13
Q
what causes ligamenta flava to thicken
A
degeneration, elastic fibers being replaced by collagen
14
Q
young girl with long fingers and hypermobility: is her problem genetic, infectious, etc….
A
genetic (autosomal dominant)
15
Q
A woman with acid reflux takes probiotics. the enzymes in the probiotics do what.
A
lower the activation energy of the reaction/ speed up chemical reactions
16
Q
degenerative changes to L4/L5 and L5/S1 in 66 year old
A
decrease of hyaluronan acid and glycosaminoglycans (proteoglycans) with age, in Nucleus pulpous and anterior annulus fibrosis
collagen fibrils increase in all areas of disk with age
17
Q
Left back pain and on the spinous process of the scapula what is the cause T1 costo-transverse T3 facet T5 facet T7 costo-transverse
A
T3 facet
18
Q
what is the last step on the coagulation pathway
A
fibrinogen become fibrine
19
Q
what virus causes mono
A
Epstein barr
20
Q
For an alcoholic, what causes the process of liver degeneration
A
fat accumulation, inflammation
21
Q
what movement causes a shoulder dislocation
A
abduction extension, external rotation, or FOOSH
22
Q
at what point in gait is the foot in dorsiflexion
A
before heal off
23
Q
a man has numbness in his legs, what vitamin deficiency
A
B12?
24
Q
a side street is in what plane
A
coronal?
25
what muscles of the floor of the mouth insert on the mastoid process
digastric
26
numbness when touching behind the medial malleolus, where is the numbness
under the foot.
27
biceps is what kind of lever
3rd order
28
lumbar pain with throbbing abdominal pain. what quadrant do we need to palpate
ombilicus?
29
what medication is meant to prevent osteoporosis and breast cancer
raloxafine, selective estrogen receptor modulators
30
what food should we give a woman with osteoporosis and a stress fracture ?
sardines
31
what type of RNA is produced during DNA transcription
mRNA
32
patient with hyperhidrosis in what layer of skin is the gland causing this located
epidermis
33
extreme weakness in lumbar muscles, the biopsy shows a decrease in what neurotransmitter
acetylcholine (myasthenia gravis)
34
young athlete has an L5/S1 hernia, what is the innervation for the disk
sinuvertebral nerve
35
what causes the symptoms of a concussion
neuro-metabolic cascade.. depolarization
36
tight bracelet on lateral epicondyle that is stopping blood flow, the girl takes it off and there's a hyperemia with 5x raise in debit. what is the cause
raise in hydrogen (c02, lactic acid)
37
lumbar flexion raises force with gravity. what type of force.
compression
38
what movement is more in lower thoracic than upper
flexion
39
muscle du telephone
coraco-brachial?
40
quels muscles attache sur processus mastoide
SCM, digastric
41
piriform shares its nerve from the same plexus as the following :
glut max
42
medication that blocks cox-2 will act on what
arachidonic acid
43
what is the biomechanical roll of the patella
increases torque
44
patient with poor eating habits have dermatitis on shoulders. what nutriment is missing
pyridoxine B6
45
patient with pelvis and hip in flexion has normal posture line, what compensation is done
lumbar extension
46
Dose of a medication went from 150 to 75 g 2 hours after absorption
half life of medication
47
What medication helps breast cancer and osteoporosis
selective estrogen receptor inhibitor
48
vitamine deficiency causing numbness in both legs
B12
49
study type for people working at computer vs manual work
cohort study
50
what nerve passes under the oblique inferior
maxillary?
51
what's the roll of bradykinin when you sprain your ankle
increase permeability of capillaries
52
which artery passes between the medial malleolus and the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
posterior tibial
53
What are the movements of C1-C2
flexion rotation
54
numbness in left thigh, neuro exam shows ROT 2+ MEC 5+ with loss of sensation antero lateral of the left leg. is this a peripheral nerve or root issue.
root ?
55
patient who took intra venous drugs has back pain. what is the cause
epidural absess staph aureus
56
what is the autonomic system plexus in the epigastrique region of the abdomen
celiac or solar plexus
57
what is the link between vitamin C and collagen
Vitamin C stabilises collagen mRNA. increase production.
58
patient is incapable of adducting their leg. The cell body of the involved nerve is situated in
the ventral horn
59
a patient has secondary dystrophy from a mithochondrial based illness. What is the purpose of mitochondria
energy production
60
```
What are the common names of the following vitamines :
cobalamine
riboflavin
folic acid
biotin
```
B12
B2
B9
B7
61
A kid with spina bifida developed it at what week of pregnancy
12 weeks?
62
patient with a metastasis at L3 how did it get there
```
conus medullaris
sub arachnoid
epidural
subdural
??
```
63
man dives and hits his head. has trouble moving distil limbs. what tractus is touches
corticospinal lateral
64
what attaches to the little tubercle and performs internal rotation of the shoulder
subscapularis
65
what is the action of aspirin
lowers prostaglandin
66
patient with chest and left arm pain. the doctor gives them nitric oxide. what is the mechanism of action
causes vasodilation
67
What is the dermatome of L4
ouside of upper leg, inside of lower leg
68
what vascular condition is common among marfan syndrome
aortic aneurysm
69
what is the mecanisme of vitamin C
cofactor for enzyme or free radical scavenger
70
old person forgets shit doesnt know your secretary
dementia
71
osteoporosis fracture what vitamin deficiency
vitamin D
72
what type is a osteotendinous reflex
mono synaptic ipsilateral stimulation
73
left eye has a hard time moving right and down. The left pupil is higher. What nerve is touched.
the left trochlear nerve.
74
pain on the left abdominal quadrant, hurts when you lean forward and turn to the right. What muscle is injured
Left external oblique
75
patient who injected heroine two weeks ago suffers from low back pain with neural deficit in the legs
epidural abscess
76
what muscle is dysfunctional when you have a winged scapula
serratus anterior
77
at what level can you palpate cricoid cartilage
C6
78
Neck muscle that participates at ipsilateral flexion and raises the first rib
middle scalene
79
in what form do we see C02 in the body
bicarbonate
80
where is the majority of cervical rotation found
C1-C2
81
Explain the different lever arms
Type 1 : fulcrum middle
Type 2 : advantageous, weight middle
Type 3 : disadvantageous, force middle
82
what movement is most important at C0-C1
flexion extension
83
what are the final products of anaerobic glycolysis
lactic acid + ATP
84
deficit in what vitamin causes dermatitis
Niacin (B3)
85
what muscles attach on the mastoid and do ipsilateral lateral flexion
SCM, splenius capitis
86
what is the mechanism of botulism
blocks release of acetylcholine
87
what happens during endometriosis on a cellular level
endometrial cells are found and propogate outside of the uterus
88
What allows you to raise or lower a moment arm and the torque
getting further away from the fulcrum
89
if we compress under the internal malleolus where is the numbness
under the foot
90
What layer of skin does a blood blister(papule) form
epidermis?
91
what nerve innervates the gall bladder
right phrenic nerve, vagus nerve and coeliac plexus (From greater splanchnic)
92
what does varience P= 0.05 mean
5% error
93
what is the capsid of a virus
protein coating that holds the genetic information
94
what neurological symptoms from vitamins B12, C, E, K
B12- leg weakness tingling
C - fatigue, depression, connective tissue defect
E - vision problems, muscle weakness
K - bleeding, bruising
95
TSH lowered and T3/T4 higher, where is the problem
in the Thyroid
96
what structure attaches the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles
chordae tendinae
97
in a sarcomere what bands get smaller during muscle contraction
I band, H zone
98
What fish has vitamin D
salmon
99
what type of RNA is used when you do a DNA test
mRNA
100
What type of medication prevents breast cancer and osteoporosis
bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modifiers
101
when is maximum dorsiflexion during gait
just before heal off
102
what movements do external oblique and internal oblique do
internal oblique : flexion ipsilateral rotation
external flexion contralateral rotation
103
if you have already had an allergic reaction what accelerates the process the second time you encounter that food
IgE
104
symptoms of trochlear nerve lesion
vertical diplopia, eye drifting upwards with difficulty looking down. head chin in and tilted
105
edinger westphal nucleus lesion
pupils cannot accomodate or constrict or converge
106
lesion of superior Motor neuron
muscle strength diminished, hyper reflex/clonus,
107
how is a liposoluble medication assimilated
passive diffusion across the membrane
108
if you scratch your skin is it more likely that you get a strep or staph
staph aureus
109
what nerve causes paresthetica meralgia
lateral cutaneous femoral nerve
110
mastoid attached muscles of the jaw...
digastric...
111
what coloration does gram - and + take on.
gram + purple (thicker membrane that retains colour)
| gram - pink
112
what cellular cascade is linked to depolarisation
action potential : sodium into cell
113
T10 subluxation what sympathetic nerve is affected
Greater splanchnic
114
what plexus is situated at the level of the aortic arch
pulmonary plexus
115
what research database is best to find literature reviews
cochrane review? pubmed
