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CCEB Part A > 2017 > Flashcards

2017 Flashcards

1
Q

How are sodium ions transported in the body

A

bile? protein transporters

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2
Q

what nerve can be severed during a mastectomy

A

long thoracic ? (from the options)

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3
Q

where is the origin of the short head of the biceps

A

coracoid process

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4
Q

if teres minor is injured, what other muscle will usually be injured as well

A

infra-spinatous

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5
Q

what muscle causes pain upon lateral flexion of the head

A

longissimus capitis

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6
Q

what is a viral capsid

A

it is a protein capsule around the virus DNA/RNA

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7
Q

what effect does the liberation of norepinephrine have?

A

vasoconstriction, increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose

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8
Q

Types of lever

A

Class 1 : fulcrum in center, advantage depending on distance from fulcrum
Class 2 : advantage, resistance in center
Class 3 : disadvantage, effort in center

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9
Q

which immunoglobin is involved in allergies

A

IgE

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10
Q

why do doctors put droplets in babies eyes

A

prevention des infections

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11
Q

confused patient enters office, doesn’t remember where she is or your secretary

A

dementia

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12
Q

an osteoporotic woman walks into your office, what food do you recommend to fill a vitamin deficiency

A

sardines: calcium+vit D + phosphorus zinc.

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13
Q

what causes ligamenta flava to thicken

A

degeneration, elastic fibers being replaced by collagen

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14
Q

young girl with long fingers and hypermobility: is her problem genetic, infectious, etc….

A

genetic (autosomal dominant)

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15
Q

A woman with acid reflux takes probiotics. the enzymes in the probiotics do what.

A

lower the activation energy of the reaction/ speed up chemical reactions

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16
Q

degenerative changes to L4/L5 and L5/S1 in 66 year old

A

decrease of hyaluronan acid and glycosaminoglycans (proteoglycans) with age, in Nucleus pulpous and anterior annulus fibrosis

collagen fibrils increase in all areas of disk with age

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17
Q 
Left back pain and on the spinous process of the scapula what is the cause
T1 costo-transverse
T3 facet
T5 facet
T7 costo-transverse
A

T3 facet

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18
Q

what is the last step on the coagulation pathway

A

fibrinogen become fibrine

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19
Q

what virus causes mono

A

Epstein barr

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20
Q

For an alcoholic, what causes the process of liver degeneration

A

fat accumulation, inflammation

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21
Q

what movement causes a shoulder dislocation

A

abduction extension, external rotation, or FOOSH

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22
Q

at what point in gait is the foot in dorsiflexion

A

before heal off

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23
Q

a man has numbness in his legs, what vitamin deficiency

A

B12?

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24
Q

a side street is in what plane

A

coronal?

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25
Q

what muscles of the floor of the mouth insert on the mastoid process

A

digastric

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26
Q

numbness when touching behind the medial malleolus, where is the numbness

A

under the foot.

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27
Q

biceps is what kind of lever

A

3rd order

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28
Q

lumbar pain with throbbing abdominal pain. what quadrant do we need to palpate

A

ombilicus?

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29
Q

what medication is meant to prevent osteoporosis and breast cancer

A

raloxafine, selective estrogen receptor modulators

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30
Q

what food should we give a woman with osteoporosis and a stress fracture ?

A

sardines

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31
Q

what type of RNA is produced during DNA transcription

A

mRNA

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32
Q

patient with hyperhidrosis in what layer of skin is the gland causing this located

A

epidermis

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33
Q

extreme weakness in lumbar muscles, the biopsy shows a decrease in what neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine (myasthenia gravis)

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34
Q

young athlete has an L5/S1 hernia, what is the innervation for the disk

A

sinuvertebral nerve

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35
Q

what causes the symptoms of a concussion

A

neuro-metabolic cascade.. depolarization

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36
Q

tight bracelet on lateral epicondyle that is stopping blood flow, the girl takes it off and there’s a hyperemia with 5x raise in debit. what is the cause

A

raise in hydrogen (c02, lactic acid)

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37
Q

lumbar flexion raises force with gravity. what type of force.

A

compression

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38
Q

what movement is more in lower thoracic than upper

A

flexion

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39
Q

muscle du telephone

A

coraco-brachial?

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40
Q

quels muscles attache sur processus mastoide

A

SCM, digastric

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41
Q

piriform shares its nerve from the same plexus as the following :

A

glut max

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42
Q

medication that blocks cox-2 will act on what

A

arachidonic acid

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43
Q

what is the biomechanical roll of the patella

A

increases torque

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44
Q

patient with poor eating habits have dermatitis on shoulders. what nutriment is missing

A

pyridoxine B6

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45
Q

patient with pelvis and hip in flexion has normal posture line, what compensation is done

A

lumbar extension

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46
Q

Dose of a medication went from 150 to 75 g 2 hours after absorption

A

half life of medication

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47
Q

What medication helps breast cancer and osteoporosis

A

selective estrogen receptor inhibitor

48
Q

vitamine deficiency causing numbness in both legs

A

B12

49
Q

study type for people working at computer vs manual work

A

cohort study

50
Q

what nerve passes under the oblique inferior

A

maxillary?

51
Q

what’s the roll of bradykinin when you sprain your ankle

A

increase permeability of capillaries

52
Q

which artery passes between the medial malleolus and the medial tubercle of the calcaneus

A

posterior tibial

53
Q

What are the movements of C1-C2

A

flexion rotation

54
Q

numbness in left thigh, neuro exam shows ROT 2+ MEC 5+ with loss of sensation antero lateral of the left leg. is this a peripheral nerve or root issue.

A

root ?

55
Q

patient who took intra venous drugs has back pain. what is the cause

A

epidural absess staph aureus

56
Q

what is the autonomic system plexus in the epigastrique region of the abdomen

A

celiac or solar plexus

57
Q

what is the link between vitamin C and collagen

A

Vitamin C stabilises collagen mRNA. increase production.

58
Q

patient is incapable of adducting their leg. The cell body of the involved nerve is situated in

A

the ventral horn

59
Q

a patient has secondary dystrophy from a mithochondrial based illness. What is the purpose of mitochondria

A

energy production

60
Q 
What are the common names of the following vitamines :
cobalamine
riboflavin
folic acid
biotin
A

B12
B2
B9
B7

61
Q

A kid with spina bifida developed it at what week of pregnancy

A

12 weeks?

62
Q

patient with a metastasis at L3 how did it get there

A 
conus medullaris
sub arachnoid
epidural
subdural 
??
63
Q

man dives and hits his head. has trouble moving distil limbs. what tractus is touches

A

corticospinal lateral

64
Q

what attaches to the little tubercle and performs internal rotation of the shoulder

A

subscapularis

65
Q

what is the action of aspirin

A

lowers prostaglandin

66
Q

patient with chest and left arm pain. the doctor gives them nitric oxide. what is the mechanism of action

A

causes vasodilation

67
Q

What is the dermatome of L4

A

ouside of upper leg, inside of lower leg

68
Q

what vascular condition is common among marfan syndrome

A

aortic aneurysm

69
Q

what is the mecanisme of vitamin C

A

cofactor for enzyme or free radical scavenger

70
Q

old person forgets shit doesnt know your secretary

A

dementia

71
Q

osteoporosis fracture what vitamin deficiency

A

vitamin D

72
Q

what type is a osteotendinous reflex

A

mono synaptic ipsilateral stimulation

73
Q

left eye has a hard time moving right and down. The left pupil is higher. What nerve is touched.

A

the left trochlear nerve.

74
Q

pain on the left abdominal quadrant, hurts when you lean forward and turn to the right. What muscle is injured

A

Left external oblique

75
Q

patient who injected heroine two weeks ago suffers from low back pain with neural deficit in the legs

A

epidural abscess

76
Q

what muscle is dysfunctional when you have a winged scapula

A

serratus anterior

77
Q

at what level can you palpate cricoid cartilage

A

C6

78
Q

Neck muscle that participates at ipsilateral flexion and raises the first rib

A

middle scalene

79
Q

in what form do we see C02 in the body

A

bicarbonate

80
Q

where is the majority of cervical rotation found

A

C1-C2

81
Q

Explain the different lever arms

A

Type 1 : fulcrum middle
Type 2 : advantageous, weight middle
Type 3 : disadvantageous, force middle

82
Q

what movement is most important at C0-C1

A

flexion extension

83
Q

what are the final products of anaerobic glycolysis

A

lactic acid + ATP

84
Q

deficit in what vitamin causes dermatitis

A

Niacin (B3)

85
Q

what muscles attach on the mastoid and do ipsilateral lateral flexion

A

SCM, splenius capitis

86
Q

what is the mechanism of botulism

A

blocks release of acetylcholine

87
Q

what happens during endometriosis on a cellular level

A

endometrial cells are found and propogate outside of the uterus

88
Q

What allows you to raise or lower a moment arm and the torque

A

getting further away from the fulcrum

89
Q

if we compress under the internal malleolus where is the numbness

A

under the foot

90
Q

What layer of skin does a blood blister(papule) form

A

epidermis?

91
Q

what nerve innervates the gall bladder

A

right phrenic nerve, vagus nerve and coeliac plexus (From greater splanchnic)

92
Q

what does varience P= 0.05 mean

A

5% error

93
Q

what is the capsid of a virus

A

protein coating that holds the genetic information

94
Q

what neurological symptoms from vitamins B12, C, E, K

A

B12- leg weakness tingling
C - fatigue, depression, connective tissue defect
E - vision problems, muscle weakness
K - bleeding, bruising

95
Q

TSH lowered and T3/T4 higher, where is the problem

A

in the Thyroid

96
Q

what structure attaches the tricuspid valve to the papillary muscles

A

chordae tendinae

97
Q

in a sarcomere what bands get smaller during muscle contraction

A

I band, H zone

98
Q

What fish has vitamin D

A

salmon

99
Q

what type of RNA is used when you do a DNA test

A

mRNA

100
Q

What type of medication prevents breast cancer and osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modifiers

101
Q

when is maximum dorsiflexion during gait

A

just before heal off

102
Q

what movements do external oblique and internal oblique do

A

internal oblique : flexion ipsilateral rotation

external flexion contralateral rotation

103
Q

if you have already had an allergic reaction what accelerates the process the second time you encounter that food

A

IgE

104
Q

symptoms of trochlear nerve lesion

A

vertical diplopia, eye drifting upwards with difficulty looking down. head chin in and tilted

105
Q

edinger westphal nucleus lesion

A

pupils cannot accomodate or constrict or converge

106
Q

lesion of superior Motor neuron

A

muscle strength diminished, hyper reflex/clonus,

107
Q

how is a liposoluble medication assimilated

A

passive diffusion across the membrane

108
Q

if you scratch your skin is it more likely that you get a strep or staph

A

staph aureus

109
Q

what nerve causes paresthetica meralgia

A

lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

110
Q

mastoid attached muscles of the jaw…

A

digastric…

111
Q

what coloration does gram - and + take on.

A

gram + purple (thicker membrane that retains colour)

gram - pink

112
Q

what cellular cascade is linked to depolarisation

A

action potential : sodium into cell

113
Q

T10 subluxation what sympathetic nerve is affected

A

Greater splanchnic

114
Q

what plexus is situated at the level of the aortic arch

A

pulmonary plexus

115
Q

what research database is best to find literature reviews

A

cochrane review? pubmed

CCEB Part A (16 decks)

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