Embryology/Histology/Immunology (3%)

Question 1

Which embryonic layer does the heart develop from?

Answer 1

Mesoderm

Question 2

In what week does the heart develop in an embryo?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

The septum of the heart divides the atrium in what week of development?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 4

To allow oxygenated blood to shunt from the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta.

Question 5

After birth what does the ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 5

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 6

What are small biconcave cells containing large amounts of hemoglobin?
•	Leukocytes
•	Edema
•	Erythrocytes
•	Capillaries

Answer 6

• Erythrocytes

Question 7

These cells are the true epithelium of the seminiferous epithelium, critical for the support of germ cell development into spermatozoa:
• Sertoli

• Germ
• all of the options
• Leydig

Answer 7

• Sertoli

Question 8

Which of these cell types can play a primary role in attacking and killing cancer cells?
• mast cell

• red blood cell
• cytotoxic T cell
• platelet

Answer 8

• cytotoxic T cell

Question 9

The following can interfere with the baby’s development:
•	X-Rays
•	Nutritional deficiencies
•	all of the options
•	Infection

Answer 9

• Infection

Question 10

This muscle is surrounded entirely by a dense irregular collagenous connective tissue
•	Cardiac
•	Smooth
•	Skeletal
•	Slow-twitch muscles

Answer 10

• Skeletal

Question 11

What type of pediatric reflex is associated with a patient’s head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches?
• symmetrical tonic neck reflex

• Moro reflex
• asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
• startle reflex

Answer 11

• Moro reflex

Question 12

In regards to fetal development, the correct order is:
•	Zygotes –> Embryo –> Blastocyst
•	Blastocyst –> Zygotes –> Embryo
•	Zygotes –> Blastocyst –> Embryo
•	Embryo –> Blastocyst –> Zygotes

Answer 12

• Zygotes –> Blastocyst –> Embryo

Question 13

Collagen is an example of which one of the following types of protein?
•	fibrous
•	Integral
•	catalytic
•	globular

Answer 13

• fibrous

Question 14

Which bone cells are responsible for bone resorption?
•	osteocytes
•	osteoblasts
•	osteoclasts
•	all of the options

Answer 14

• osteoclasts

Question 15

Which immune cell is responsible for the quickest release of histamine that causes the red itchy welts associated with allergies?
• mast cell

• eosinophil
• basophil
• lymphocyte

Answer 15

• mast cell

Question 16

85. Which of the following produce large amounts of antibodies (Igs) and differentiate upon stimulation from CD4+ cells?
    • Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+)

• none of the options
• Plasma Cells (activated B cells)
• Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+)

Answer 16

• Plasma Cells (activated B cells)

Question 17

106. What is the major Innate mechanism that mediates destruction of foreign substances in the body?
     • Complement

• Regulatory T cells
• Interferon
• Macrophage APCs

Answer 17

• Complement

Question 18

Which one of the following terms describes a specific substance that neutralizes foreign substances?
• humoral

• antibodies
• microbial
• antigens

Answer 18

• antibodies