Neurology Flashcards
Antiepileptic drugs can be stopped if seizure free for …[a]…, with the AEDs being stopped over {B duration]
A - > 2 years
B - 2-3 months
Parietal lobe lesions features (5)
- sensory inattention
- apraxia (inability to perform learned movements, understanding is unaffected)
- astereognosis (tactile agnosia)
- inf homonymous hemianopia
- Gerstmanns - alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation
Occipital Lobe lesions (3)
- contralateral homonymous hemianopia (with macular sparing)
- cortical blindness
- visual agnosia
Temporal lobe lesions features (4)
- Wernicke’s receptive aphasia
- Superior homonymous hemianopia
- Auditory agnosia
- Prosopagnosia (difficulty to recognise faces)
Frontal lobe lesions features (5)
- Broca’s expressive aphasia
- disinhibition
- perseveration (repetitive and continuous behaviours)
- anosmia (loss of smell)
- inability to generate list
Specific area lesions below, provide their associated conditions…
a) Medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
b) Subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia
c) Striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia
d) Substantia nigra of the basal ganglia
e) Amygdala
a) Wernicke and Korsakoff syndrome
b) Hemiballism - involuntary ipsilateral hyperkinetic movements
c) Huntington chorea
d) Parkinson’s disease
e) Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperphagia, visual agnosia
Lateral medullary syndrome
a) lesion
b) features (3)
a) PICA - post inf cerebella artery
b) cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss, ipsilateral horners
Restless leg syndrome management (4)
- Walking, stretch, massage
- Treat Fe Def anaemia
- Dopamine agonist - ropinerole
- Benzo
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord is
A) what deficiency
B) where is lesion
C) features
A) b12 Def eg in alcoholics
B) lateral corticospinal and dorsal column
C) UMN signs with reduced proprioception and vibration
Normal pressure encephalopathy triad
Urinary incontinence
Gait abnormality
Dementia
Clutser headache management
- 100% O2 + SC sumatriptan
2. Verapamil for prophylaxis
BPPV
Ix
Mx
Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is diagnostic
Epley manoeuvre is for treatment
Rinne + Weber test
Conductive hearing loss Bone conduction > air conduction in affected ear
Air conduction > bone conduction in unaffected ear Lateralises to affected ear
Sensorineural hearing loss Air conduction > bone conduction bilaterally Lateralises to unaffected ear
Pyridostigmine MOA
long acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Bells’ palsy association (1)
hyperacusis
Dystrophia myotonica - DM1 (myotonic dystrophy)
features (4)
distal weakness initially autosomal dominant diabetes dysarthria slow releasing grip
Lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome
assocation
antibody
small cell lung ca (breast + ovarian)
anti - voltage gated calcium channel
Internal ophthalmoplegia is due to lesion in the…
features (2)
Association
medical longitudinal fasciculus
F - ipsilateral adduction failure, contralateral nystagmus
A - multiple sclerosis
Charcot-Marie Tooth (aka hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy. peroneal musclar atrophy)
Features
LMN and sensory signs in all limbs
hereditary
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
features
retinal haemorrahges
phaeochromocytoma
clear cell kidney ca
Cluster headache
Mx (2)
prophylaxis (1)
100% oxygen, SC Triptan
verapamil
Syringomyelia
Features
cape-like loss of pain and termperature, weakness
spinothalamic tract + corticospinal tract
Chiari Malformation association
Syringomyelia
Brain abscess
CT finding
Mx
single ring-enhancing lesion
IV Ceftriaxone + Metro
SAH LP after how long?
12 hours
Autosomal Dominant polycystic kidney disease protein
polycystin
Medullary sponge syndrome association
renal stones
recurrent UTI
assymptomatic bacturia
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Features (3)
Mx
F - Anti GBM Ab, glomerulonephritis (protein/ haematuria), pulmonary haemorrhage
Mx - prednisolone
Renal tubular acidosis Type 1
sjogrens
SLE
Hypokalaemia
Renal tubular acidosis type 4
chronic kidney disease
hyperKalaemia
