Haem/ Onc Flashcards
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score - functional status for determination for oncological therapies
0 Fully active
1 Restricted physical activity, able to work
2 Able all self care unable to do work
3 Limited self care; in bed/ chair >50% day
4 Completely disabled
5 Dead
t(14;18)
follicular lymphoma
increased BCL-2 transcription
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma
deregulation of the cyclin D1 (BCL-1) gene
t(8;14)
seen in Burkitt’s lymphoma
MYC oncogene is translocated to an immunoglobulin gene
t(15;17)
seen in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3)
fusion of PML and RAR-alpha genes
t(9;22) - Philadelphia chromosome
CML
SIckel cell disaese - Sequestrian crisis
splenomegaly
hypotension
increased reticulocyte count
Sickle cell disease: Vasculo-oclusive/ Thrombotic crisis
extremely severe, deep bone pain
organ infarcts
Aplastic crises
caused by infection with parvovirus
sudden fall in haemoglobin
CA 125
CA 19-9
CA 15-3
CA 125 Ovarian cancer
CA 19-9 Pancreatic cancer
CA 15-3 Breast cancer
PSA AFP CEA S-100 Bombesin
S-100 - Melanoma, schwannomas Bombesin - Small cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma PSA - Prostatic carcinoma AFP - Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma CEA - Colorectal cancer
Factor V Leiden mutation results in…
activated protein C resistance
Associated Carcinogens to cancers Aflatoxin (produced by Aspergillus) Aniline dyes Asbestos Nitrosamines Vinyl chloride
Aflatoxin (produced by Aspergillus) - hepatocellular
Aniline dyes - Bladder (transitional cell ca)
Asbestos - Mesothelioma + bronchial
Nitrosamines - Oesophageal and gastric cancer
Vinyl chloride - Hepatic angiosarcoma
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) features (5)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is classically characterised as a pentad of: thrombocytopenia, microvascular haemolysis, fluctuating neurological signs, renal impairment and fever.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia Mx
Plasma exchange
t(15;17)
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura pathophys
deficiency of ADAMTS13
Methaemaglobinaemia pathophys
Methaemoglobinaemia = oxidation of Fe2+ in haemoglobin to Fe3+
Desmopressin (DDAVP) MOA in von Willebrand disease
induces release of von Willebrand’s factor from endothelial cells
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemaglobinuria diagnostic test
Flow cytometry for CD59 and CD55
Herediatry angioedema Mx
acute - IV C1-inhibitor concentrate/ fresh frozen plasma
prophylaxis: anabolic steroid Danazol
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia investigation (2)
Immunophenotyping - key diagnostic tool
Blood film - smudge cells