Cardiology Flashcards
Pulsus paradoxus (>10mmHg fall in SBP during inspiration) -
severe asthma, cardiac tamponade
SLow rising/ plateau pulse
Aortic stenosis
Collapsing pulse (3)
Aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus, hyperkinesis (anaemia, thrytotoxic, fever, exercise, pregnancy)
Pulsus alternans
severe LVF
Bisferiens pulse (double pulse)
Mixed aortic valve disease
jerky pulse
HOCM
BNP actions (3)
vasodilator
diuretic and natriuretic
supress sympathetic tone and RAAS
Cause of loud S2 (2)
hypertension (systemic A2, pulmonary P2)
ASD
Cause of soft S2
aortic stenosis
Cause of split S2 (5)
ASD (fixed split S2) deep inspiration RBBB pul stenosis Mitral regurg
warfarin MOA
inhibit epoxide reductase therefore preventing reduction of vit K. Acts as cofactor for clotting factor II, VII, IX, X and protein C
Causes of Endocarditis (5)
Staph aureus (most common) - IVDU
Strep viridans (eg mitis/ sanguinis) - associated poor dentition
Staph Epidermidis (coag neg) - perioperative, valve surgery, indwelling lines
Staph bovis - colorectal Ca
non infective - SLE, malignancy
Target INR
VTE
Mechanical Aortic
Mechanical Mitral
VTE - 2.5, if recurrent 3.5
Aortic 3.0
Mitral 3.5
Wold parkinson white ECG features (3)
short PR
wide QRD + slurred upstroke (delta)
left axis deviation (if right side accessory pathway)
Wolf parkinson white Mx (2)
definitive: radiofrequency ablation
Medical: sotalol (avoid in AF), amiodarone, flecainide
Angina Mx
1st aspirin + statin (all patients)
2nd B blocker/ CCB (verapamil or diltiazem) - maximise monotherapy before adding another
3rd add B block or CCB (nifedipine if dual therapy)
JVP: Prominent V Cannon A Absent A Prominent X Absent X
Prominent V - Tricuspid regurg Cannon A - complete heart block Absent A - AF Prominent X - cardiac tamponade/ constrictive pericarditis Absent X - AF